Thailand fertility related policies and social institution factors influencing middle-income earning generation y's fertility intentions
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2019
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eng
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226 leaves
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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National Institute of Development Administration. Library and Information Center
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Satayu Pattarakijkusol (2019). Thailand fertility related policies and social institution factors influencing middle-income earning generation y's fertility intentions. Retrieved from: https://repository.nida.ac.th/handle/662723737/5192.
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Thailand fertility related policies and social institution factors influencing middle-income earning generation y's fertility intentions
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Abstract
The ageing population phenomenon, also known as a greying population, is becoming a global problem. Many developed countries have been facing this demographic challenge for almost a decade. The ageing population is challenging because of an imbalance in a nation’s population structure. The problem occurs when a nation’s fertility and mortality rates decline. In other words, people live longer, and there are fewer newborn babies.
Thailand’s fertility rate has been dramatically declining from 5.595 children per women in 1970 to 1.671 children per women in 2000, and recent statistics show that Thailand’s fertility rate still continues to decline to 1.512 children per women in 2016. Thailand’s fertility rate would decline to as low as 1.43 children per women in 2030. With such a dramatic decline in the nation’s fertility, Thailand will enter an ageing society or become an aged society in less than a decade.
The aim is to understand the factors influencing people’s fertility intentions which will lead to an improved formation of the country’s official fertility policy. Hence, the objective of the study are 1) To investigate the relationships between social institutional factors and fertility intentions within the group of middle-income earning women from Generation Y who plan for their first child and additional child(ren) and 2) To investigate the relationships between existing national policies relating to fertility and fertility intentions within the group of middle-income earning women from Generation Y who plan for their first and additional child(ren).
To achieve the study the theory of social institution will be adopt in the first objective of the study. The ration choice and economic behavior will be adopted in the following objective of the study.
404 sample in the Bangkok and metropolitan will be selected from a group of middle-income earning generation Y women adopting the researcher designed the research sampling approach by adopting the use of a multi-stage sampling. The researcher determined the area where the data was collected. For Bangkok, the area was divided into three areas: inner, central, and outer. The metropolitan areas, which consisted of Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani and Samut Prakarn, were divided into two: urban area and suburban area. To conduct the face-to-face interviews, the data collector visited residential areas within the pre-determined locations. The accidental sampling technique was employed from this point. Data collectors searched for females who look like they are between 25 and 39 years old, then the data collectors approached them for their permission in order to complete the questionnaires. Three screening questions were asked: 1) “How old are you?”, 2) “What is your monthly income?”, and 3) “Are you married, or are you living with your partner?” This was to ensure that the respondents came from the population who was qualified to complete the research survey. NIDA Poll is responsible for data collection task. Face-to-face is the measure of questionnaire survey.
The study shows that national policies childbearing subsidies, child subsidies influence women’s fertility intentions. In addition, the increase of number of maternity leave day has positive effect to the fertility intentions. For the social institutional factors, the family support and household income have positive effect to women’s fertility intentions. While marriage age and urbanization have negative effect to women’s fertility intentions.
It is recommended that the government should adjust national fertility related policies to boost the women’s fertility intentions. In term of the social institutional factors, the government should encourage couple to get married at the earlier age. Also, the jobs should be created in the suburban area to reduce the change of migration. This will also increase the level of family support which would finally resulting higher fertility intention.
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Thesis (D.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2019