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THE EFFECT OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, COGNITIVE STYLES AND SOCIAL NETWORK ON OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION: THE ROLE OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY
Chih-Cheng Fang; Chih-Cheng Fang; National Institute of Development Administration. International College, (National Institute of Development Administration, 7/1/2022)
The objective of this study is to make better sense of individual-level factors in opportunity recognition in the context of China's IT industry. This study seeks to analyze theoretically and empirically how prior knowledge (i.e., customer need knowledge, technological knowledge depth, and technological knowledge breadth), social network (i.e., social network size and social network strength), cognitive styles (i.e., knowing style, planning style, and creating style) and absorptive capacity are related to opportunity recognition. To date, limited research has empirically examined the direct and indirect effects of the above-mentioned variables on opportunity recognition in the context of China's IT industry.
Drawing on human capital theory, social network theory and the view of cognitive psychology, a conceptual model that shows the relationships between these variables is developed. To examine the conceptual model, this study conducts a survey to employees of IT firms located in Beijing, Guangdong, and Jiangsu. With the aid of software SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0, preliminary analysis is conducted to make sure that the proposed measurement model is satisfactory. Bootstrap procedure is used to examine the proposed hypotheses.
The results of this study reveal the positive direct effects of technological knowledge breadth, knowing style, and creating style on opportunity recognition. The positive effect of absorptive capacity on opportunity recognition is also established. This study identifies three mediating mechanisms through which knowing style, planning style, and creating style develop their effects on opportunity recognition. Additionally, the results of this study show that customer need knowledge, technological knowledge depth, social network size, and social network strength do not play important roles in opportunity recognition.
By showing the different effects of the above-mentioned variables on opportunity recognition, this study provides a more fine-grained understanding of individual-level factors in opportunity recognition. The findings of this study shed new light on what individual-level factors are helpful in recognizing opportunities in the context of China's IT industry. This study makes several contributions to the theory of opportunity recognition and provides useful implications for entrepreneurship practice. Finally, this study concludes with its limitations and directions for further research.
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A STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY PUBLIC CULTURAL SERVICES: QUALITY, MOTIVATION, TRUST AND CIVIC ENGAGEMENT
Chih_Cheng Fang; Chih-Cheng Fang; National Institute of Development Administration. International College, (National Institute of Development Administration, 16/8/2024)
Community Culture Service Center (CCSC) is the main grassroots community organization of the Chinese government to provide public cultural services for community residents. However, civic engagement (CE) is insufficient in China. The aim of this research was to explore the internal mechanisms that promote community residents` participation in public cultural service activities from two perspectives which are: the government as provider and the residents as participants. The objectives of this research were: 1)Community Culture Service Center (CCSC) is the main grassroots community organization of the Chinese government to provide public cultural services for community residents. However, civic engagement (CE) is insufficient in China. The aim of this research was to explore the internal mechanisms that promote community residents` participation in public cultural service activities from two perspectives which are: the government as provider and the residents as participants. The objectives of this research were: 1)from the perspective of the government, to evaluate the public cultural service quality of CCSC, and from the perspective of the citizens; 2) to construct a relationship path between public service quality (PSQ) of CCSC and CE in community cultural activities, and use trust in government (TG) as a mediator to understand the function of PSQ and TG in fostering CE in community cultural development; 3) from an individual level, to know the impacts of citizens` public service motivation (PSM) on CE in community cultural activities, and to know the moderating function of TG between PSM and CE. 3) based on the above, the path was tested to build an interactive relationship model of PSQ, PSM, TG, and CE; 4) by exploring the mechanism between the PSQ, PSM, TG, and CE, to understand the importance of each variable for citizens' participation in the development of community public culture, and furthermore, to raise the quality of public cultural services organized by the community, stimulate the PSM of community citizens, and eventually provide theoretical guidance for promoting CE in the development of community public culture.
This study constructed a conceptual model and proposed five hypotheses based on the SERVQUAL model and other theories, such as PSM, social capital, and so on. The data was collected from 403 respondents who lived in rural and urban communities of Chongqing municipality. Five districts were selected, those of which were Yuzhong District, Yubei District, Beibei District, Bishan District, and Wanzhou District through stratified sampling and general random sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was adopted to test the conceptual model.
The research found the following: 1) the service quality of CCSC perceived by community residents is different in dimensions; 2) the PSQ of CCSC has a positive impact on TG and CE; 3) the PSM of community residents has a significant positive correlation with their participation in community cultural activities; 4) residents` PSM does not lead to TG, and the influence of TG in promoting citizens' participation in community public cultural activities is not significant;5) in summary, on the one hand, the development of community public cultural activities requires the government to provide high quality services, and on the other hand, it also needs cultural activities volunteers with high PSM who are willing to contribute to participate.
From the above conclusions,the following were proposed: 1) to highlight the accuracy of public cultural services and vigorously improve the quality of community public cultural services from two aspects of community public cultural infrastructures and cultural service content supply which coincided with the demand of residents; 2) to pay attention to the leading role of the participation of community residents who have high PSM. Specially, the evaluation and stimulation of PSM of community residents under the guide of community culture governance should be focused on.
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KNOWLEDGE SHARING AMONG SME BUYER-SUPPLIER PARTNERS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL, FIRM SIZE, AND GEOGRAPHICAL PROXIMITY
Anukal Chiralaksanakul; อนุกัลยณ์ จีระลักษณกุล; National Institute of Development Administration. School of Business Administration (National Institute of Development Administration, 7/1/2022)
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the mechanism of social capital development through the inter-relationship between three different dimensions of social capital including structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions, and their impacts on knowledge sharing between small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) buyer-supplier partners. In addition, firm size and geographical proximity between SME buyer-supplier partners are investigated as the moderating role in affecting the relationship between the mechanism of SME social capital development and knowledge sharing. The self-administered questionnaire is applied to collect data from 202 samples of SMEs in Thailand’s food and agro-processing industry. The structural equation modelling (SEM) technique is applied in testing of main research hypotheses, and multiple-group analysis in SEM is conducted to test the moderating impacts of firm size and geographical proximity on the main hypotheses. The results suggest that all social capital dimensions including structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions interrelate one another to develop social capital between SME buyer-supplier partners, and each dimension of social capital has a positive direct impact on knowledge sharing, but through various means. The structural dimension positively influences knowledge sharing directly and indirectly, particularly through relational and cognitive dimensions. In addition, the direct influences of structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions on knowledge sharing are moderated by the size of the SME, whereas the geographical proximity moderates the mechanism of social capital development in the relationships between structural and cognitive dimensions, and between relational and cognitive dimensions. This study mainly contributes to the knowledge-based view, social capital, SME, and geographical cluster literature by examining the social capital development that leads to knowledge sharing across SMEs, and subsequently investigating the moderating impacts of firm size and geographical proximity on the relationship between the social capital development and knowledge sharing. This is in contrast to previous studies that mostly focus on knowledge sharing across large organizations. The results of this study help SME managers better understand how improvement in various aspects of mutual relationships can enhance their knowledge sharing. In the same vein, policymakers may use the results as a guideline when imposing the initiatives to promote knowledge sharing among SME partners, as well as imposing the geographical cluster policy in the emerging economy in a more effective manner.
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THE INFLUENCE OF WELL-BEING ON THE WORK POTENTIAL AMONG THE ELDERLY AT VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTERS IN BANGKOK METROPOLIS
Kasemsarn Chotchakornpant; เกษมศานต์ โชติชาครพันธุ์; National Institute of Development Administration. School of Public Administration (National Institute of Development Administration, 18/8/2023)
The objectives of this research were 1) to investigate the contributing factors affecting the elderly’s work efficiency in Vocational Training Center, Bangkok, and 2) to propose the suggestions to improve the elderly’s work efficiency in Vocational Training Center, Bangkok. It was a quantitative research study using a questionnaire to collect data from a sample, namely individuals aged 60 and above who had received vocational training at the Vocational Training Center, Bangkok, from January to June 2023. The data collection was performed using convenience sampling, and samples were collected from a voluntary selection of participants, which were members who voluntarily participated as sample units. A total of 440 people participated. The data was analyzed by Descriptive Statistics using Frequency, Percentage, Means and Standard Deviation, presented on table and descriptive interpretation. The inferential statistical analysis was performed using Multiple Regression Analysis.
The research result showed that 1) The factors of well-being had a positive influence on the potential in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities of the elderly in the Bangkok. These included two influential variables, ranked from most to least influential including environmental conditions and health and hygiene. In contrast, behavior was the only aspect that consisted of three influential variables, ranked from most to least influential including environmental conditions, health and hygiene, and lastly, the family aspect. 2) The government should seriously allocate resources, welfare, and actively promote physical and mental health. There should be efforts to raise awareness about the value and potential of the elderly, including supporting revolving capital sources and providing community-based care for the elderly. All of this should be widespread and consistent to develop the working potential of the elderly in Bangkok.
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The communication of people with physical disability's identity via news websites in Thailand
Prang Tharawanich; Kullatip Satararuji (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
News is commonly known to communicate facts. It is also used as a reference
to represent reality in society. In the past, news communicating about people with
physical disabilities was constructed to create negative values and meaning. The myth
of inability judged people with physical disabilities as worthless. When the media
landscape changes to online media, it opens the space for anyone to hold media
ownership. It also allows people with physical disabilities to possess a space to
communicate their identities with their own insider perspectives.
The study titled, “The Communication of People with Physical Disability’s
Identity via the News Websites in Thailand” is a qualitative research based on the
identity concept of cultural studies. The first objective is to study people with physical
disabilities’ identity through the news headlines and news pictures on a news website
of organizations that are members of the News Broadcasting Council of Thailand. The
second objective is to study the identity of people with physical disabilities in news
headlines and news images on a news website of the organization founded by people
with physical disabilities. The third objective is to study the relationship between the
identity of people with physical disabilities on both websites.
This study uses the critical discourse framework of Foucault and Fairclough to
analyze the news websites topic discourse using language strategies. The analysis of
the news pictures utilized the Pei Soo Ang disability discourse analysis framework to
assess the dimension of social perception of the identity of people with physical disabilities. The study explored characteristics that have changed from the past. In
addition, the research investigated the perceived value and meaning that society has
regarding people with a physical disability and identified knowledge and power
dominance. The websites selected for the study included the Thairath Online and
Thisable news websites. Thairath Online is a news website with membership in the
News Broadcasting Council of Thailand and Thisable news website founded by a
person with a physical disability.
The results found that people with physical disabilities in the Thairath Online
website are powerless and cannot determine their own identities. The medical, state,
economics, and religion are institutions with authority to use knowledge set to define
the people with physical disabilities identity and reproduced it in the media. Although
identification may appear positively in some cases, it still has a negative implication
wherein people with physical disabilities identities are “physically different from
general people,” “not the same group as general people,” “pitiful,” but have “ability”
in some cases.
The research also found that people with physical disabilities in Thisable news
website have the power to identify their own identity. However, their identity remains
dominated by various institutions in society. Therefore, they choose to adopt some
original identities, bargain with a positive perspective, and reject some identity. People
with physical disabilities agreed that their identity is “physically different from general
people,” “not the same group as general people,” “not pitiful,” and have “ability.”
In conclusion, the institution’s power determined the identity of people with
physical disabilities in Thai society. Simultaneously, while being oppressive, people
with physical disabilities choose to adopt some given identity, negotiate, and construct
other aspects of their own identity. As a result, the identity relationship, which appears
to be consistently on both websites is that people with physical disabilities are
“physically different,” “not the same group as general,” and have “ability.” The
different areas are pitiful, which appeared in the Thairath Online news website that
people with physical disabilities are “pitiful.” Still, Thisable news website rejects the
identity and determines that they are “not pitiful.”
The news presentation of people with physical disabilities in Thai media is often
released without full understanding their identity. This happens because the media used an outsider’s perspective standpoint. As a result, the media may become a significant obstacle in the pursuit of an “Inclusive Society” where everyone can live and conduct
social activities equally with dignity and without discrimination. The recommendations
from this research to agencies related to media policy must raise awareness and
encourage all forms of “media” to access counseling from people with physical
disabilities. They should seek information and communication about disabilities from
an insider’s standpoint to communicate using language and images in the news with
respect to human rights.
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Lifestyles and key factors affecting the adaptation of foreign muslim students in Thailand
Yaowanuch Sawhasun; Patchanee Cheyjunya (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
The research is aimed 1) to study the lifestyles of foreign Muslim students in
Thailand 2) to explore foreign Muslim students’ living and intercultural communication
problems in Thailand, and 3) to investigate the differences and relationship between the
related factors and the level of foreign Muslim students’ adaptability in Thailand.
The study is multi-methodology research, conducted by both quantitative and
qualitative research. Survey questionnaires were collected from 286 foreign Muslim
students. For qualitative research, an in-depth interview with foreign Muslim students,
Thai friends, an instructor, and international students' advisor, a total of twelve samples,
combined with the non-participant observation, and analyzed by descriptive and
inferential statistics. Besides, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was
used and analyzed by t-test and ANOVA, including multiple regression analysis for
predicting factors related to the level of foreign Muslim students’ adaptability in
Thailand at the .05 statistical significance level. From the study, it was found that
1) Foreign Muslim students had sport and outdoor orientation lifestyle
the most, followed by a cultural-orientation lifestyle.
2) Foreign Muslim students had low Thai language proficiency in
every skill; thus, this caused their general living in Thailand. They specified the
problem in the cognitive domain or the Thai language’s understanding the most as they
could not communicate with local people outside the universities, not understand Thai
signs, etc. Besides, insufficient Halal food and the inconvenience of finding it, including no provided places in the universities for their religious practices, were other
main problems. No problem was found in the affective domain due to their motivation
to study in Thailand, their positive attitude towards Thailand, Thai people, and Thai
educational systems, including the low cost of living. They found no behavioral
problems either. However, they expected to get free courses in the Thai language, but
most universities did not arrange for them and discouraged them from learning Thai.
3) From the statistical analysis, foreign Muslim students' lifestyle
patterns were found to positively correlate with the level of their adaptability, especially
the cultural-orientation lifestyle. Foreign Muslim students had the overall adaptability
at a high level. Personal factors and their predispositions, including their Thai language
skills, were positively correlated at the .05 statistical significance level. From the
multiple regression analysis of seven variables: communication, media exposure,
religious influence, host culture environment, intercultural communication
competence, lifestyle patterns, and Thai language skills, are found to predict the level
of foreign Muslim students' adaptability 37%. Host culture environment, lifestyle
patterns, and intercultural communication competence are found to be the most
predictive factors. Intercultural communication competence in three domains:
cognitive, affective, and behavioral, can predict the level of adaptability 20%, and
competence in the affective domain is the most predictive factor. All seven patterns of
lifestyle: cultural, social, entertainment, home and family, and sport and outdoor
orientation, can predict the level of adaptability 18%and the cultural-orientation
lifestyle is the most predictive factor.
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Effectiveness of emergency medical services networks
Chatchanok Karnasuta; Tippawan Lorsuwannarat (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
This study is a network of emergency medical services outside of
hospitals in the three provinces of Khon Kaen, Nonthaburi, Ubon Ratchathani and Sa
Kaeo provinces that has three objectives: 1) to study the operational processes of the
network organization in Emergency Medical Services, 2) to study the effectiveness of
the network organization in Emergency Medical Services, and 3) to present the
models of the network organization in Emergency Medical Services right with
Thailand that operated by Qualitative Research Methodology, In-Depth Interview,
Focus Group Discussion, Non-Participant Observation and Document Analysis.
Khon Kaen provincial's Emergency Medical Service began with team and
organization network building by a physician team in Khon Kaen hospital to develop
an emergency referral system. They were supported by the International Cooperation
Organization and the local administrative organization to join in the establishment of
paramedics. That was the beginning of the systematic emergency medical services in
Thailand and helped push forward the law to support the emergency medical system.
After that, When the incident and disaster plan was later included in the National
Economic and Social Development Plan, provincial medical centres and general
hospitals started to establish paramedic units; and the local administrative
organization started to participate by endorsement to establish district paramedic
units. Ubon Ratchathani province began to establish an emergency response and
command call centre in the Provincial Health Office. Nonthaburi and Sa Kaeo
provinces established emergency response and command call centres at Phranangklao
Hospital and Sa Kaeo Crown Prince Hospital. In addition, Ubon Ratchathani and Sa
Kaeo province decentralized the management of emergency response and command
call centres to perform outside of hospitals to the local administrative organization. The network building of emergency medical service was successful in Khon Kaen,
Ubon Ratchathani, and Sa Kaeo province carried out by unity of purposes of
leadership initiatives: to save people in emergencies through emergency medical
services outside of hospitals. For this reason, emergency medical networks were
established by building relationships and trust with other organizations to persuade to
apply existing potential and resource in each organization to the establishment of
emergency medical services to people. However, Nonthaburi provincial administrator
has not contacted yet agreed to conjointly participate in establishing emergency
medical service networks in the area yet.
The Khon Kaen provincial network administration of Emergency Medical
Service was the most effective due to sufficiently building and expanding the number
of network members to cover the entire province area, resulting in the performances
can be accessed to emergency patients in time. Whereas the Nonthaburi provincial
network administration of Emergency Medical Service was the least effective due to
an insufficient number of network members, there were no equipment and tools
enough to communicate. Sa Kaeo and Ubon Ratchathani provinces affect
communicating with people. Local administrative organizations can disseminate the
knowledge and understanding to people to decide to call for emergency medical
services through appropriate channels.
Suggestion: the government should earnestly hasten to transfer the public
health missions to the LAO, EMC should provide an understanding of the legitimacy
for the performances of emergency medical services outside of hospitals to the LAO;
transfer their missions to the Provincial Public Health Office in each region to
represent; provide the cooperation with civil society to organize the standardized of
emergency medical services; should integrate the emergency medical management of
all organizations in the network; including the integration to combine all types of
emergency numbers into a number for the convenience of the users' recognition.
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A study of the status and role of community organizations in common-pool resource management in terms of public lands
Kittikan Saengngam; Udom Tumkosit (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
This dissertation is aimed at studying the status and roles of community
organizations to manage common-pool resources or public lands. It is a qualitative
research based on data collection, which comprises relevant documentary research
along with case studies, field research, in-depth interviews and observations.
This study is divided into two parts. Part 1 involves a study of the overall
concept of common-pool resource management in terms of public lands in Thailand
based on documentary research, which includes documents, policies, laws and
relevant research. Part 2 involves field research using the case studies of eight areas,
comprised of two groups – Group 1 consists of six communities that efficiently
manage public lands through community organizations, namely 1) Nam Phang, Nan
Province, 2) Ariyothai Samakkhi, Uthai Thani Province, 3) Ban Lao Nuea, Phrae
Province, 4) Ban Don Mu, Ubon Ratchathani Province, 5) Chamaep Phatthana,
Ayutthaya Province, and 6) Chao Pho Sombun Shrine 54, Bangkok. These
communities were used for the study and analysis of the role that community
organizations play in common-pool resource management on public lands, as well as
the factors that enable communities and community organizations to be strong and
capable of managing public lands. Group 2 - Communities that have disputes over
public lands. The dispute partners include “communities that are close to public
lands” and “the public or private sector, where the State grants the right to use public
lands”. This group is used to analyze loopholes in public land management in two areas: Wa Chong Kho, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, and Huai Mek public lands,
Khon Kaen Province.
The results of the study reveal that most community organizations that play a
role in managing common-pool resources are villagers’ organizations set up by
community leaders. Later, they are developed as official organizations and upgraded
to community forest committees, land committees or are developed from saving
groups to cooperatives. In one community, there may be more than one community
organization to manage the common-pool resources of its public lands. Functions are
assigned in accordance with each group’s specific ability, but they work together.
Based on the case studies, it is evident that each community organization has
the same role in managing common-pool resources: 1) drafting regulations to control
the use of resources, 2) carrying out resource prevention and maintenance activities,
such as forest fire prevention patrols, forest fire buffers and afforestation to enhance
fertility, 3) formulating resource management plans and submitting them to the public
and private agencies concerned to tender requests for support and the budget, 4)
developing community knowledge so that members can efficiently manage resources,
and 5) building a network for managing common-pool resources in collaboration with
other community organizations in other areas.
The factors that strengthen community organizations’ ability to efficiently
manage common-pool resources or public lands are comprised of, first - leadership of
community organizations. Most leaders or group leaders are respected in the
community, as they are official leaders, e.g., village heads, village committee and
situational leaders as pioneers or core leaders for solving public land issues in
communities, such as forest conservation groups or farmland allocation demanding
groups. Key qualifications of leaders include having a sense of joint ownership, to
create willing cooperation in preserving community common-pool resources. The
second factor involves clear rules concerning the use of common-pool resources.
Regulations and penalties are clearly defined. Norms are of great importance for
controlling the use of resources, e.g. issuing rules prohibiting the utilizing of
resources in community graveyards, which have been abided by from generation to
generation. This is more effective than imposing penalties and collecting fines. The
third factor involves mechanisms for reducing the factors that promote encroachment and protections against the over-use of resources beyond the defined rules. For
example, cooperative groups generate income for community people. If they have
sufficient incomes they can reduce their use of resources, regardless of future damage.
As a result, those resources are sustainable.
As for recommendations regarding the review of laws relating to public land
management, in order to enable communities to take part in practically managing
public lands, the researcher suggests the following: 1) laws, especially pertaining to
community rights, should be issued by pushing for a Community Rights Act, 2) all
laws pertaining to forests and national parks should be revised, to be consistent with
the constitution, 3) laws on public lands should be amended so that they do not
contradict each other, and 4) the possibility of adding measures or sections in the
Land Code on rights and ownership on community lands should be studied so that
land rights documents can be issued in the form of community rights documents or
title deeds.
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Factors affecting stroke mortality in Thailand
Pimchanok Puthkhao; Duanpen Theerawanviwat (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
This dissertation aimed to compare the socioeconomic and health-related
characteristics of stroke and non-stroke deaths and to determine the factors affecting
stroke mortality, with non-stroke death considered as a competing risk. Secondary
data with a 10-12 years follow-up period from the Thai Epidemiologic Stroke (TES)
Study were used.
The Thai Epidemiologic Stroke (TES) Study is a prospective community-based
cohort study that recruited participants from the general population from five Thai
regions. Between 2004 and 2006, 19,620 participants aged 45-80 years, free of stroke,
participated in the baseline survey. The participants were followed up for mortality
from the survey date until the date of death or the end of follow-up of December 31,
2016, whichever came firsts. During a median follow-up time of 11.08 years (202,803
person-years at risk), 305 participants died of a stroke (1.55% of total participants and
accounted for 8.76% of total deaths), and 3,176 participants died of non-stroke cause
(16.19% of total participants and 91.24% of total deaths). Stroke mortality was
150.39/100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 134.43-168.25/100,000) personyears, and the non-stroke mortality was 1,566.05/100,000 (95% CI, 1,512.52- 1,621.47/100,000) person-years.
Multivariate cause-specific Cox regression and Fine-Gray competing risk
regression analyses were used to identify the factors affecting stroke mortality, with
non-stroke mortality considered as a competing event. Cause-specific hazard ratios
(HR) and the Subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) with their 95% confidence intervals
(CI) were used to illustrate the associations.
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Ontology-based knowledge discovery and exploring technology influencers from patent data
Pranomkorn Ampornphan; Sutep Tongngam (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
A patent is an important document issued by the government to protect
inventions or product design. Inventions consist of mechanical structures, production
processes, quality improvements of products, and so on. Generally, goods or appliances
in everyday life are a result of an invention or product design that has been published
in patent documents. A new invention contributes to the standard of living, improves
productivity and quality, reduces production costs for industry, or delivers products
with higher added value. Patent documents are considered to be excellent sources of
knowledge in a particular field of technology, leading to inventions. Technology trend
forecasting from patent documents depends on the subjective experience of experts.
However, accumulated patent documents consist of a huge amount of text data, making
it more difficult for those experts to gain knowledge precisely and promptly. Therefore,
technology trend forecasting using objective methods is more feasible.
There are many statistical methods applied to the patent analysis, for example,
to technology overview, investment volume, and the technology life cycle. There are
also data analytic methods by which patent documents can be classified, such as by
technical characteristics, to support business decision-making as well as a taxonomy of
concepts for knowledge representation by developing an ontology-based semantic
search.
The main contributions of this study were to extract knowledge from a patent
relational database into two approaches; 1) Develop an ontology-based from patent data to provide an effective search for technological concepts, and 2) Explore technology
influencers from patents using data analytics. We experimented with our techniques on
data retrieved from the European Patent Office (EPO) website.
In the first approach, the patent data was defined as terms, concepts, classes,
and properties to create a patent ontology. A patent ontology consisted of the relations
of each concept that were represented as an ontology map. Next, a patent database was
created to integrate with the ontology map to develop an ontology-based application.
The result from this stage was an ontology-based that facilitates as a recommender
system.
The second approach related to exploring technology influencers from patent
data. The technique includes K-means clustering, text mining, and association rule
mining methods. The patent data being analyzed by which the association rule mining
was applied to find associative relationships among patent data, then combined with
social network analysis (SNA) to further analyze technology trends. SNA provided
metric measurements to explore the most influential technology as well as visualize
data in various network layouts.
This study demonstrated 2 approaches for knowledge discovery from patent
data by which; 1) the expected output from the ontology-based will be used to support
information searching for more relevant and precise information, and 2) the resultsfrom
data analytics showed emerging technology clusters, their meaningful patterns, and a
network structure, and suggested information for the development of technologies and
inventions.
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Ant colony system with Thailand green travelling problem
Punyapas Chawaratthanarungsri; Sutep Tongngam (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
Most industries focus on how to get the benefits from processing and transmitting even in tourism industry. Technology has been used to meet the need of travelers in order to access more information such as flight, route, hotel, transportation and others by themselves. There are some techniques of computer science that solve about travelling problem such as Artificial Intelligence and Animal stimulation is used such as ant behavior etc. Thus, this research proposes how to apply Ant Colony Optimization with travelling problem. As the result, Brute force was taken into consideration to compare the capabilities of The Ant Colony System. The results obtained from Ant Colony System have some routes equal to the shortest distance of Brutes Force, but some Brute Force routes have shortest distances. When looking at the
performance of algorithm, the processing time to generate all possible paths of the Brute Force takes more time than Ant Colony System. The efficiency of the Brute Force algorithm is O(N2)(Christian and Thierry) while Any Colony System Only O(m logm)(Walter,). Using Ant Colony System by adding other conditions such as changing vehicles at each tourist attraction to complete the planning. It can be further expanded into a system of advice tourist for tourist recommended plan.
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The performance management factors affecting on employee's perceived fairness in power generation industry in Thailand
Panita Sastrawaha; Chiraprapha Akaraborworn (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among performance
management, relationship with supervisor, organizational culture, and employee’s
perceived fairness in order to develop employees’ perceived fairness model in power
producer in Thailand.
Quantitative method was conducted based on 604 samples from four power
producers in private sector and one state-enterprise power producer in Thailand.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the data gathered
using the SPSS and AMOS program to assess what factors influence employee’s
perceived fairness and how well the proposed model can be used to explain this
phenomenon. The results revealed that performance management practices and
organizational culture have a positive direct effect on employee’s perceived fairness,
while relationship with supervisor has an insignificant effect on employees’ perceived
fairness.
The results of structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood revealed
that according to a variety of fit indices, the proposed model confirmed both absolute
fitness and incremental fitness. The value of χ2 = 315.958 df = 76 with p = 0.001, GFI
= 0.938, RMSEA = 0.072, AGFI = 0.902, CFI = 0.971 and NFI = 0.962 indicate that
all fit indices passed the cut-off values.According to the research results, it is suggested that to enhance employee’s
perceived fairness, performance management practices and organizational culture
should be integrated designed and implemented. Both performance management
practices and organizational culture should be continuously assessed and adjusted to
ensure an alignment of the two with organization’s directions and critical success
factors, organization’s characteristics, organization’s visions, values, strategies, and its
members.
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Mechanisms of resilient organizations: an explanatory case study of the family business in Thailand
Chayanoot Pungcharoenpong; Sombat Kusumavalee (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
The main objective of this study was to advance the knowledge explaining why
organizations are resilient by following Swanson and Chermack’s (2013) theory
development in applied disciplines. The study covered only three phases: The
conceptualization phase, the operationalization phase, and the confirmation phase.
Based on the conceptualization and operationalization phase, nine propositions were
identified before data collection based on literature review that explains the concept of
resilient organization, such as a successful outcome of crisis management, positive
organizational adjustment, and adaptability. Qualitative research design was employed
in this study. In this regard, Yin’s (2014) explanatory case study and pattern matching
method was employed in order to confirm the propositions and advance the knowledge
explaining why organizations are resilient. The context of family business in Thailand
was used as the context of study because of two reasons: a) family business has a stake
in the Thai economy (Suehiro, 1997); and b) family business was consistently found
that it is more resilient than other types of business, and it demonstrates stronger
resilience despite an economic crisis (Amann & Jaussaud, 2012; Chrisman et al., 2011;
Gupta & Levenburg, 2010; Kachaner et al., 2012; van Essen et al., 2015).The findings were based on the fifteen individual cases of organizations, that
showed a resilient pattern and were family businesses in Thailand. According to the
cross-case analysis, resilient organizations were created by factors occurred in three
time periods. They are 1) before the crisis; 2) being aware of the crisis; and 3) managing
the crisis that occurred. This applied to all types of resilient organizations (i.e. recovery
resilience; resistant resilience; transformation resilience). Many cases consistently
demonstrated that the period before the crisis was a substantial period as it buffered the
consequences of crisis and supported the organizations after their crisis.
The evidence from the cross-case analysis, in addition, suggested that the
organizations in the period before the crisis emphasized on manpower strategies (i.e.
building affective feelings and relationships among people in the organizations;
developing tonic virtuousness) and management strategies (i.e. strengthening internal
organizational operations; knowledge acquisition and past experience). In the face of a
crisis, the organizations responded to the crisis by focusing on monetary strategies (i.e.
financial saving; low cost operation; handling financial problems), manpower strategies
(i.e. staff collaboration; organizational commitment; phasic virtuousness; leadership;
attention to and assistance for staff affected by the crisis), management strategies (i.e.
property loss mitigation; communication; organizational support; systems
improvement; diversified business). Despite the organizational actions before the crisis
and in the face of the crisis, resilient organizations also showed mindfulness/being
aware of crisis. This was a crucial factor that prompted the organizations to be ready to
cope with the crisis.
With respect to the discussion of the cross-case findings, many theoretical
propositions were confirmed and further indicated a degree of transferability. The
analysis showed a degree of transferability of these factors. They are organizational
mitigation in the face of a crisis, an appropriate business model generation, sufficiency
thinking, tonic and phasic virtuousness, financial reserve, attention to a context, and
human resources. The analysis also introduced new findings of this study, which were
specifically related to the context of the family business in Thailand. They include the
three period factors contributing to resilience development, sufficiency thinking, roles
of leaders, organizational support, attention of executives given to their employees,
knowledge and past experience, staff collaboration, organizational commitment, communication, virtuousness, quality of products and services, diversified business, and financial handling.
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Unraveling discursive construction of Thai fandom : An analysis of Thai fans culture and identity in an online communication
Pitchapa Smutradontri; Savitri Gadavanij (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
In this digital era, fandom has become a social and cultural phenomenon,
especially in Thailand. This study aims to explore Thai fan culture and identities from
different online platforms. The three topics of fan culture, namely fan production, fan
community, and level of fandom and hierarchy were explored in detail using mixed
methods of textual analysis and questionnaire. These three topics were also discussed
together as essential parts of fans’ identity construction. Bucholtz and Hall’s
sociocultural linguistics approach and semiotic analysis were used as analytical
frameworks, looking at how fans used language to construct their identity in Thai
context. The first research question reveals how fans use fan texts to express their affection
and feel connected to their object of fandom. The second research question suggests
themes of fan interaction within fan online communities. The third research question
presents the characteristics of the five level of fandom, namely mere consumer, casual
fan, big fan, true fan, and super fan. The fourth research question suggests that fan
identity could be constructed mainly two ways. First is fans as a collective group, in
which they shared some common fan engagements and special lexicons of fan talk with
one another. Second is a fan as one’s own identity, suggesting that fan identity could
bring about other identities and that it is transcultural.
In addition, the dissertation proposes that a media fan, in Thai context, is mainly a
person who feels emotionally connected or attached to particular media object(s). This
positive connection ranges from a strong interest in the media object to deep attachment.
It also discusses the close connection between fan discourse and online media discourse,
how online fan community resembles an imagined community, and why the cause of
active consumption is mostly due to the ‘affection’ factor and fans’ pleasure satisfaction more than a resistance to mainstream media or patriarchal society. Moreover, it discusses the transcultural aspects of fan identities and fans’ production of fan texts and
conversations.
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Antecdent factors for collective leadership development in social enterprises management : case studies of Thai social enterprises
Tharinee Suratpipit; Chartchai Na Chiangmai (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
A rapid change in today’s world of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and
ambiguity (VUCA) has urged the leaders to operate in the form of collective leadership.
As a result, many organizations are shifting from traditional leadership roles of formal
leaders or teams of individuals onto other team members depending on the expertise
required. However, not many organizations have become successful in achieving
leadership transformation as traditional view of leadership focusing on single person
role as leader has been rooted in leadership study for a long time. Thus, the current
study provides a broad understanding of the antecedent factors that foster collective
leadership development in social enterprises management in Thai social enterprises in
various industries. A multi-level study at the group and organizational level is provided
in order to gain deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Additionally, as human
resources play a significant role in facilitating leadership development in the firms,
various interventions on organizational development are suggested in the study.
In addition, this study deployed the inductive approach using qualitative case
studies. Data collection were collected through the interviews with 17 participants in 3
companies based on purposive sampling technique. All 3 companies have been awarded
by The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) for outstanding performance in driving their
business toward sustainability (Sustainability Awards) and listed companies who have
their resources both financially and non-financially to support social enterprises (Social Enterprise Investment Award) in 2015. Multiple methods of data collection including
interviews, document analysis, survey and participant observation are used along with
five stages thematic analysis process to analyze the data.
Findings of the study suggested variety of insights. First the concept of
collective leadership was described following 5 themes: 1) network of expertise; 2)
unwavering process improvement; and 3) mission to achieve unifying goals. Second,
the antecedent factors for collective leadership development were explored. There were
4 themes identified to have positive impact to collective leadership development: 1)
leadership capability; 2) collaborative network; 3) culture of shred leadership; and 4)
collective learning. Third, there were also additional factors that were found to
accelerate collective leadership development. Those factors were described into 4
themes according to the following: 1) leadership empowerment; 2) climate for change;
3) continuous learning; and 4) coaching and mentoring system. Finally, a systematic
management of business value creation model was proposed.
The implications for scholar include the utilization of mixed methods and data
triangulation, which enables the richness and quality of the research. Expanding
research study to other industry and recruiting more participants from different setting
could enrich research results and be able to generalize to wider audiences.
The implications for practice include the application of findings as HR
interventions in order to facilitate collective leadership development in organizations
who have interest for social enterprise management. The interventions suggested in this
study consisted of the following: selection and staffing; performance management
system; training and development; and organization development.
Key limitations in this study included the fact that qualitative approach using
interview, document analysis, survey and fiend observation was the major method used
for this study, limitation regarding language used in the study, and the small number of
participants, which limited the study in terms of ability to generalize findings beyond
the sample groups and industries coverage.
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Developing IQA system for graduate-only institution : case study of NIDA (National Institute of Development Administration)
Thantita Sathirachaiyawit; Chiraprapha Akaraborworn (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
An Internal Quality Assurance system (IQA) in Thai higher education has been
developed continuously since 2007 by the Office of the Higher Education Commission
of Thailand (OHEC). According to an announcement of the Internal Quality Assurance
Commission on Higher Education under the heading “Regulations and Guidelines
regarding Higher Education Internal Quality Assurance 2014”, the IQA system was
adjusted in two major, different, areas than the previous versions. One of these areas is
that each institution has an opportunity to choose its own IQA system.
The purpose of this study was to develop an IQA system for a graduate-only
institution, and the National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) was
adopted as the case study. The research approach included a focus group and interviews
which were used to gather qualitative data regarding internal quality assurance
processes in the Thai and NIDA contexts. Data from the focus group, the interviews,
and the literature review were integrated and developed into a questionnaire that was
used as the major research tool in the Delphi-style research process. Two rounds of the
Delphi process were conducted. Subject matter experts (SMEs) rated each question for
its relevance to indicate the importance and the level of implementation of quality
assurance processes at NIDA.The findings of this study were that the NIDA IQA system needed to have 3
levels of assessment: the program level, faculty level, and institutional level. It was also
found that the system should address 24 quality criteria with 72 items under them.
Among those 72 items were 7 items under human resource management, working
systems, program, student development and support, and public relations quality
criteria that should not be excluded from the system as they had perfect Interquartile
Range (IQR). As well, a further recommendation was that the quality assurance
processes should be conducted annually, to be conducted by a committee of at least 3
persons, each of whom should have knowledge of IQA, and each member of the
committee should have experience in being a program director or have held a position
related to IQA.
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The meaning of employee engagement of Thai public hospitals under the ministry of public health
Siriporn Potidokmai; Sombat Kusumavalee (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
Employee engagement plays a significant role in the quality improvement of hospitals in Thailand as it has been set as one of the areas for self-assessment and continuous improvement of hospital quality, 5.1 Employee Engagement, under the 1-5 Human Resource Focus (HRF), one of the criteria of the Hospital Accreditation (HA) standard of Thailand which has been used to drive quality improvement for hospitals since 1997. After reviewing various studies related to employee engagement, it was revealed that the concept of employee engagement remains ambiguous as there are multiple frameworks of engagement conceptualization, in which each framework or approach has its own measurement, as well as conceptual space. This gap could result in an unconnected approach to understanding and developing strategies around employee engagement within organizations.
The objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of the employee engagement of Thai public hospitals in the Thai context and to investigate the factors that promote and prevent the employee engagement of Thai public hospitals under the Ministry of Public Health (MOPII). This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations with 13 medical doctors, 15 general support employees, 15 medical support employees, and 15 nurses from three different hospitals across MOPH-owned hospitals, including community, general, and regional hospitals.Conventional content analysis, the frequency count occurrences of words, along with five stages of inductive data analysis were applied for the analysis of the data.
The findings revealed 5 common components of the meaning of employee engagement, including positive emotion, wholehearted effort, organization accomplishment, desired behavior, and stay, which were found to be different than the definitions of employee engagement defined in seminal studies. Consequently, the researcher proposed the definition of employee engagement of Thai public hospitals under the MOPH as affective relations in one's work life operationalized by the degree of positive emotion, wholehearted effort, organization accomplishment ambition, desired behavior employment, and willingness to stay happily with the organization, which can be used for the foundation for further studies.
Moreover, the findings explored 16 factors that promoted employee engagement, which were categorized into 3 levels, including individual, group, and organization levels. The five factors at the individual level were personal resources, feeling important, relationship with colleagues, prolonged stay, and patient's well- being. The three factors at the group level were collaboration, perceived supervisor support, and team work. The eight factors at the organization level included hospital image, job characteristics, a family-like work climate, job security, leader, compensation, welfare, and learning and development opportunity Furthermore, the findings explored 15 factors that prevented employee engagement including communication problems, generation gaps, high expectation pressures, inadequate compensation and benefits, lack of coordination among departments, lack of discipline, lack of resources, task variety, work overload, lack of team support, people issues, perceived insults, perceived unfairness, a restricted system, and unpleasant results.
The implications for practice emphasize how to apply the employee engagement model explored in this study in setting and designing strategies and intervention programs to enhance employee engagement within the organization. The key limitation of this study is the fact that it used self-reported data where the results relied on the openness of the participants. Further, this study involved a small number of participants, which limited the ability to generalize from the findings beyond the sample group.
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Factors influencing innovative work behavior and work passion of employees in the insurance industry in Thailand
Boonthipa Jiantreerangkool; Wasita Boonsathorn (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
The purposes of this study are: 1) to define innovative work behavior of staff
for the insurance industry in Thailand, 2) to find the meaning of work passion of staff
in the insurance field in Thailand and 3) to identify the factors that foster or lead to
innovative work behavior and work passion of employees in the insurance industry in
Thailand. In-depth interview of 36 participants on 21 insurance companies in
Thailand, both life and non-life organizations. Qualitative analysis discovers 5 unique
meanings of innovative work behaviors: idea exploration, idea generation, idea
decorating, idea implementation, and idea championing; work passion: happiness,
pride, sense of accomplishment, discretionary effort, and job fits personality, specific
in Thailand for insurance business sector. Factors of innovative work behaviors and
work passion indicate 5 identical elements: providing good service to customers, great
support from leader, power of teamwork, challenging works, and supportive company
policy. The differentiation found on innovative work behavior is work autonomy,
while work passion demonstrates work value and gaining knowledge and opportunity
to learn. The study results in a model representing the relationship of work passion
and innovative work behaviors has shed light on the overlap in factors creating the
two concepts and how they are relating in multidirectional. Practitioners pursues the recommended factors will lead to both innovative work behaviors and work passion of staff at the same time.
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Relationships between psychological factors, innovative performance, marketing capability, and entrepreneurial success among Thai fruit and vegetable processing and preservation SMEs in Thailand
Natthawat Wiwatkitbhuwadol; Arnond Sakworawich (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
An entrepreneur starts and runs a business through the pursuit of opportunities
with the determination to use his/her knowledge, abilities, and experiences to
effectively run his/her organization and with the resources at hand. He/she is a creative person who finds new approaches to market existing merchandise or better ways to improve and develop existing production processes to maximize the organization’s benefits. He/she is willing to undertake a business venture in exchange for profits and satisfaction. These are the characteristics of a potentially successful entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial success is the primary goal of every entrepreneur, in the pursuit of which he/she must endure different kinds of problems to achieve this goal, and there are many ways to measure business success. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between the psychological factors, innovative performance, marketing capability, and entrepreneurial success among Thai Fruits and Vegetables Processing and Preservation SMEs in Thailand. This is one of the first empirical studies to adopt the Giessen-Amsterdam Model of Entrepreneurial Success as the main research model with some added variables that may affect entrepreneurial success identified from a literature review. Another research interest is the impact of the rising number of Thai Fruit and Vegetable Processing and Preservation SMEs entrepreneurs on global businesses due to increased quantities of imitation goods and services. The results of the study show that innovative performance, and marketing capability are highly related to entrepreneurial success.
The developed strategies using innovative performance, and marketing capability drivers could help Thailand’s SMEs entrepreneurs to be successful in a variety of industries.
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Closed-loop supply chain model analysis
Jariya Seksan; Kannapha Amaruchkul (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
In this dissertation, we analyzed the closed-loop supply chain with buyback
contract. We considered the model with one manufacturer and one retailer. First, we
derived the optimal order quantity, the optimal contract parameter and consider the
condition that buyback contract can coordinate supply chain. Next, we extended the
first part by considering for the return policy. We considered when customers return
follows the customer’s willingness to return function which depends on return price.
We derived the optimal return price and the optimal order quantity follows that price.
We found that the optimal return price depends on the buyback price offered by the
manufacturer. Then, we considered when the retailer engages in secondary market.
The retailer sells the returned product at discount price of the new product in the
secondary market. We derived for the optimal resale unit and secondary product price.
We found that the retailer can gain more profit when selling returned product in
secondary market. In addition, we found that buyback contract can coordinate closedloop supply chain.
Using numerical results, some of the relationships between parameters and the
expected profits were shown. The results showed that when the wholesale price
increases, the order quantity and retailer’s expected profit decrease, but the
manufacturer’s expected profit increases. Besides, when the buyback price increases,
the order quantity and the retailer’s expected profit increase, but manufacturer’s
expected profit decreases. The results also show that the return price 𝑟 and the
buyback contract parameters (𝑤, 𝑏) affect the performances of closed-loop supply chain and both manufacturer and retailer receive more profit when the retailer sets the
optimal return price.
Finally, we present the special topic of using buyback contract in closed-loop
supply chain to achieve sustainability: case of electrical and electronic equipment
(EEE) and show that supply chain sustainability can be achieved through a buyback
contract.