Air pollution characteristics in Bangkok and PM2.5 emission in on-road transport sector for control policy implications
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2022
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2565
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eng
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216 leaves
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b216682
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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National Institute of Development Administration. Library and Information Center
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Labhatrada Saohasakul (2022). Air pollution characteristics in Bangkok and PM2.5 emission in on-road transport sector for control policy implications. Retrieved from: https://repository.nida.ac.th/handle/662723737/6686.
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Air pollution characteristics in Bangkok and PM2.5 emission in on-road transport sector for control policy implications
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Abstract
In Thailand, the air pollution situation is one of the severe environmental issues. Particularly, the major sources of PM2.5 in Thailand are normally caused by forest fire, biomass open burning, and vehicles. Bangkok, where is the capital city of Thailand, has faced the severe PM2.5 episode. According to the Pollution Control Department (PCD) annual reports, they revealed that the main causes of PM2.5 highly come from transportation and open burning, respectively. Thus, this study focused on the PM2.5 air quality in on-road transport sector in Bangkok by using Emission Inventory (EI) tool to identify the distinct source of vehicle types and fuels associated PM2.5 portions. The main aim is to establish the database of PM2.5 from on-road transport sector in Bangkok during 2010 to 2019. The types of vehicles were considered into seven types based on Department of Land and Transport that consist of personal cars, motorcycles, vans, public pick-up transport, buses, trucks, pick-ups, and tuk-tuk. The results showed that the largest vehicle which contributed to the high level of PM2.5 emission was trucks with the use of Pre-Euro diesel engines had the portion of emission up to 49%. Followed by Pickups with Pre-Euro diesel engines which had 38% of PM2.5 emission.
However, to implement the policy for reducing PM2.5 concentration, the prediction of PM2.5 concentration in ambient air quality need to be considered. Thus, the relationship between PM2.5 and factor affecting PM2.5 concentration were correlated to estimate future PM2.5 prediction in Bangkok. Two models were developed in different variables by using the data of 2017 to 2019. The results demonstrated that the performance of PM2.5 model prediction in this study had high correlation with R2 0.84 and 0.86 for Model I and Model II, respectively. In addition, to verify the concentration of PM2.5 prediction in this section box model was applied. Finally, the implication of PM2.5 reduction policy were recommended based on the results of major sources of on-road PM2.5 emission and the future emission control standards for the next ten-years (2020-2030).