dc.contributor.advisor | Sompote Kunnoot | th |
dc.contributor.author | Gritsana Patjakreng | th |
dc.date.accessioned | 2022-01-24T03:21:28Z | |
dc.date.available | 2022-01-24T03:21:28Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016 | th |
dc.identifier.other | b194213 | th |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.nida.ac.th/handle/662723737/5411 | th |
dc.description | Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Management))--National Institute of Development Administration, 2016 | th |
dc.description.abstract | The transportation system in Thailand has been biased in favor of road
transport as investment in rail transport involves large scale budget and government
policy. The favorable attribute of rail transport is more competitive freight cost in
exchange for large investment. This study employs the computable general
equilibrium (CGE) model in ORANI tradition (Dixon et al., 1982) as the tool for the
accounting of economic benefits, economic cost, environmental benefits and
environmental costs. The increase in rail transport investment is feed into the CGE
system to offer the measurement of economic and environmental impacts. The 2005
edition of 58 sectors version of the input-output table of Thailand was used as CGE
model database. The original input-output table was modified to single out land
transport and rail transport so that the classification consists of 60 sectors. The choice
of specification of the CGE model requires a total of 16,414 variables and 15,933
equations which offers 481 structural exogenous variables. | th |
dc.description.abstract | Increase in rail transport investment is the approach used for the measurement
of economic impact and pattern of associated structural change and environmental
consequence. Economic impact is principally measured in terms of change in real
GDP. Structural change is measured in terms of change in output of respective sector.
Environmental consequence is measured in terms of change in petroleum
consumption coupling with change in output of respective sector. Petroleum
consumption is also measured in terms of petroleum-GDP elasticity | th |
dc.description.abstract | In this study, two simulation assumptions are projected to study the possible
effects of investment in rail transport. The first simulation assumption analyses the
impact of increased capital accumulation in railway in the context of adjustable
currency exchange. The second simulation assumption analyses the impact of increase
capital accumulation in railway with stable currency exchange. The study of impacts
of investment are divided into 2 stages. Rail investment in period T-1 is the source of
real GDP growth in period T which allocates investment in period T for sector j.
Investment program of sector j in the period T is the source of real GDP growth in
period T+1 which allocates investment in period T+1 for sector j. Measurement of
economic impacts of rail investment is considered complete when impacts of
investment in period T becomes visible in period T+1. | th |
dc.description.abstract | The adjustable exchange rate simulation assumption is based on the
assumption of constant trade balance-GDP ratio (delDT) which represents the
macroeconomic management for external stability. In this simulation assumption,
exchange rate adjustment is endogenously determined within the model. The foreign
currency demand and supply are always in equilibrium. With adjustable exchange rate
assumption exchange rate is endogenous and is projected to appreciate due to strong
exports and weakened imports. In other words, exchange rate appreciation is the result
of lower internal prices relative to world prices. This is so since exchange rate is the
ratio between Baht and Foreign currency. Increased supply of capital lowers price of
goods and services across the economy relative to world price. | th |
dc.description.abstract | The fixed exchange rate simulation assumption is based on the assumption of
disequilibrium of imports and exports. Change in trade balance is endogenously
determined within the model. The change in trade balance is interpreted as the change
in economic stability, and need for change in the trade policy. Fixed exchange rate
keeps constant parity between imported goods and domestic goods despite fall in
domestic price which makes it difficult for substitution of import goods for domestic
goods. Production cost falls more in the adjustable exchange rate simulation
assumption as the result of substitution away from imported goods. | th |
dc.description.abstract | The environmental effect is measured in terms of the quantity of carbon
dioxide emission across the economy due to change in the rail transportation system.
In this study, CO2 emission is calculated in two methods: (1) CO2 emission calculated based on published emission factor; and (2) CO2 emissions calculated based on
carbon credit price. Growth of output across the economy, driven by growth of
demand induced by favorable price of goods and services relative to imports, involves
increasing uses of goods and services for intermediate factors. Petroleum is one of
essential intermediate factors used by all production. Output growth driven by rail
investment is connected with the environment via uses of petroleum. Environmental
impacts is measured in terms of quantity of CO2 emission for a unit of increased
output. Uses of petroleum in value terms is converted to quantity of CO2 emission for
a unit of increased output. | th |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-24T03:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2016 | th |
dc.format.extent | 119 leaves | th |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | th |
dc.language.iso | eng | th |
dc.publisher | National Institute of Development Administration | th |
dc.rights | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. | th |
dc.subject | Fuel efficiency | th |
dc.subject.other | Railroads -- Environmental aspects | th |
dc.subject.other | Fuel | th |
dc.title | Economic and environmental impacts of rail transportation investment | th |
dc.type | Text | th |
mods.genre | Dissertation | th |
mods.physicalLocation | National Institute of Development Administration. Library and Information Center | th |
thesis.degree.name | Doctor of Philosophy | th |
thesis.degree.level | Doctoral | th |
thesis.degree.discipline | Environmental Management | th |
thesis.degree.grantor | National Institute of Development Administration | th |
thesis.degree.department | The Graduate School of Environmental Development Administration | th |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.14457/NIDA.the.2016.30 | |