Employment adjustment during the onset of covid-19: empirical evidence from tourism sector in bhutan
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2023
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2566
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eng
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42 leaves
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b217566
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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National Institute of Development Administration. Library and Information Center
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Choden, Rinzin (2023). Employment adjustment during the onset of covid-19: empirical evidence from tourism sector in bhutan. Retrieved from: https://repository.nida.ac.th/handle/662723737/6943.
Title
Employment adjustment during the onset of covid-19: empirical evidence from tourism sector in bhutan
Alternative Title(s)
การสื่อสารและต่อรองอำนาจในการขับเคลื่อนประเด็นสิทธิพลเมืองของกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์มานิในประเทศไทย
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Abstract
Even though quantifying the impacts of COVID-19 on jobs and employment has been studied in recent literature worldwide, not much research has attempted to investigate the impacts in terms of employment adjustment, especially during the initial outbreak of the pandemic. Using secondary survey data of 1,320 employees working in the tourism sector in Bhutan as a case study, our multinomial logit model estimations show that female workers were among the most vulnerable group to be asked to reduce some benefits from work, to receive only a partial salary, or to leave without pay during the initial outbreak. However, when the situation became more severe (resulting in the laying off of employees), the tourism sector in Bhutan laid off male workers also. Negative impacts on their employment were likely to be found among those workers with higher education, the relatively young, and married workers. In addition, employment adjustments were also found to vary by tourism sub-sector during the initial outbreaks. Workers in the entertainment sector seemed to experience the smallest hit from the initial outbreak since they still received some partial payments or were only asked to temporarily leave their jobs without receiving payment. Some sectors, especially tour guides, tour operations, river rafting, and land transport, however, had to lay off their workers during the initial outbreak as those businesses rely mostly on international tourists. This study also discusses the policy recommendations to ensure employment stability during such a crisis in the future.
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Thesis (M.E.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2023