The influence of institutional and political system factors on the changes in educational public expenditure and the benefit incidence analysis in Thailiand (1998-2019)
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2022
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2565
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eng
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225 leaves
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b216134
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Phichitchai Kingphuang (2022). The influence of institutional and political system factors on the changes in educational public expenditure and the benefit incidence analysis in Thailiand (1998-2019). Retrieved from: https://repository.nida.ac.th/handle/662723737/6576.
Title
The influence of institutional and political system factors on the changes in educational public expenditure and the benefit incidence analysis in Thailiand (1998-2019)
Alternative Title(s)
อิทธิพลของปัจจัยเชิงสถาบันและระบบการเมืองต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงรายจ่ายสาธารณะด้านการศึกษา และการกระจายผลประโยชน์ของไทย ในปี พ.ศ. 2541 – 2562
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Abstract
This study compares the impact of institutional and political system factors on the adjustment of public education expenditure in Thailand to that of socioeconomic factors. It also investigates the benefit distribution of public education expenditure and the impact of public expenditures on access to education from 1998 to 2019.
The study found that bureaucratic decision-making could cause incremental changes in public education spending. The changes were based on the preceding year's public education expenditure, population change, economic growth, and inequality of income distribution, all of which were socio-economic environmental factors that were gradually altered and difficult for the state to control. As a result, the allocation of public expenditure on education altered slightly from the previous year. Changes in education spending were also affected by institutional and political system factors, which are internal factors; for example, government efficiency, political stability, and civil liberties. However, due to the country's high level of inequality, a significant shift in education expenditure requires changes in other factors. For instance, by taking advantage of trade openness to collect revenue for expanding public services, and ensuring that the operation of government agencies is efficient and the budget is used effectively and efficiently.
Yet, an increase in public expenditure on education alone cannot guarantee whether such public expenditures are evenly distributed to households across income classes and regions. The study shows that although public education expenditure has increased the income ratio after accounting for education spending in low-income families and households in other provinces or in different regions, the increase was very slight. The income ratios after benefiting from public education expenditure between high-income and low-income households and between households in Bangkok and households in other regions were reduced, but the gap reduction was not significant. This result demonstrates that education spending cannot, as expected, solve inequality. Furthermore, from 2015 onwards, the allocation of education expenditures has widened the gap in income after accounting for education expenditures between households in Bangkok and those in other regions. Particularly, public expenditure on tertiary education was found to have a clear disparity between high- and low-income classes and between households in Bangkok and those in other regional households. In addition, the COVID-19 epidemic has further increased educational inequality, aligning with the result of the study, which found that government efficiency, political stability, and civil liberties have an impact on public education expenditure.
Furthermore, the unequal benefit incidence of education expenditure may have an impact on educational access. In other words, an allocation of education expenditure that is pro-rich or benefits households in Bangkok more than those in other regions has lowered the average years of schooling and literacy rate. Therefore, if the budget allocation is unequal or the benefits cannot be properly distributed to poor households and households in other regions, poor and rural people will not be able to access education, especially in the case of tertiary education. Thus, increasing public education expenditure alone cannot ensure an increase in quality of education and educational opportunities because it also depends on the form of government budget allocation and whether it is distributed fairly to different groups of people.
Therefore, the policy recommendations are as follows: 1) political restructuring and the use of participatory budgeting; 2) emphasizing assistance in the form of targeted systems by improving universal coverage services; 3) rational budgeting and increasing the efficiency of the public sector; 4) formulating education policies that focus on improving the quality of education and schools in rural areas; 5) refining the public expenditure allocation system for tertiary education; and 6) focusing on education and technology development.
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Thesis (D.P.A.)--National Institute of Development Administration, 2022