GSEDA: Dissertations

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The development of the structural equation model of factors affecting success for coastal erosion management at the upper gulf of Thailand
Supasit Kongdee; Pakpong Pochanart (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
The research aims to 1) study direct and indirect effects of factors affecting the success in coastal erosion management in the upper Gulf of Thailand, and 2) develop and test the congruence of the measurement model and the structural equation model of factors affecting the success in coastal erosion management in the upper Gulf of Thailand with empirical data. The conduction of research was divided into two stages. The first stage was qualitative research through 1) document analysis and 2) in-depth interview. The second stage was quantitative research by survey questionnaires, a total of 420 samples. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, including the analysis of the structural equation model (SEM). The results of this study showed that 1) factors relating to policies, strategic plans, and laws have a positive direct effect on the integrated coastal zone management of coastal erosion and people’s participation, but has no statistically significant effect on success in coastal erosion management. The integrated coastal zone management of coastal erosion and people’s participation has a positive direct effect on the success of coastal erosion management. For indirect effects, the success in coastal erosion management factor is indirectly influenced by policies, strategic plans, and laws through the integrated coastal zone management of coastal erosion and people’s participation. 2) The developed model is found to be congruent with empirical data at a statistical significance level. Therefore, to successfully manage coastal erosion, those involved in coastal erosion management have to adopt sustainable development concepts, maintain the value of the functional structure of the coastal environment, develop maximal economic efficiency, and concern about social equity. This research suggests that 1) the government should encourage people to participate in coastal erosion management while shifting its role from an operator to a facilitator via some mechanisms, which may be applied in various forms, such as community-based management, cooperative management with some motivational measures, or having the private sectors to take parts in management. The enhancement of people’s participation can help people to be well aware of the importance of the coast and stimulate their conscience for conserving and utilizing it worthily and sustainably. 2) It is important to have a mechanism for enabling those involved in coastal erosion management to be knowledgeable and understand the essentials of the integrated coastal zone management of coastal erosion, including having mechanisms to negotiate benefits by changing concepts towards all parties’ benefits to achieve acceptance and cooperation in management, leading to truly integrated coastal zone management of coastal erosion. 3) The government sector must empower local personnel to be able to implement management plans, including regulating and monitoring coastal areas effectively.
Analysis and spatial application of human security indicators in perspectives of sustainable development
Thannachai Erawan; Chamlong Poboon (National Institute of Development Administration, 2020)
This study aimed to analyze the implications of human security indicators and sustainable development, in perspectives of economic, social, and environmental aspects for investigating development opportunities in Thailand, focusing on the central west region. The Human Achievement Index (HAI) from the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) was applied as a based case of human security indicators for a mixed-method rescarch in this study. The data collection was conducted by a purposive sampling method via the Delphi technique, which 18 participants wer nvited to deliver their opinions as the panelists. After that, the significant indicators were integrated with the spatial application to verity development opportunities further. This analysis applied various statistical measurements, including Mean, Median, Mode, and Interquartile to pursue central tendency and implication levels of variable relationships. The findings expressed a series of implications, which human security affected to sustainable development, for instance, the top three rankings of significant indicators in each perspective could be ordered, as follows: 1) economie security--family income, consuming debt, and poverty rate. 2) social security--unemplovment rate, social insurance, and high school and vocational training opportunity, and 3) environmental security--serviceable main road, greenhouse emission rate, and house and land owner, respectively. The study also derived various indicators from the panelists via the Delphi technique, for example, sufficieney economic village, drug-traflicking case, immigration rate, medical personnel rute, and air cuality index. Furthermore. the panelists contribute some recommendations for further study, including ecological and creative tourism, local business mechanism, smart city, empirical indicator, multi-dimensions of social and environmental issues. Nevertheless, the panelists also suggested that the political vote rate in the year 2016 should be dismissed from the HAL
Community-based strategic environmental assessment for Mae Suai Basin management plan in response to emergency caused by Mae Suai Dam failure
Chayathat Niamsawaeng; Chamlong Poboon (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
This research aimed to study and find out the ways for community-based disaster risk management from flash flood caused by failure of Mae Suai Dam located in Chaingrai Province. This study adopted the qualitative approaches of action research including group interview, in-depth interview focus group discussion and workshop with 60 key informants from 6 Mae Suai communities consisting of local leaders, local wisdoms, community committees, and leaders of community organizations. The data were collected for 2 years (2014-2016) and analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that there were 3 stages of flash flood disaster risk management: 1) preparedness before disaster event, 2) encountering disaster event and 3) revival after disaster event. Preparedness comprised housing management and community organization, water resource management, databased of disaster risk group development and warning system development. Encountering disaster included the determination of migration routes, safety areas and shelter areas. Moreover, crisis communication procedures, coordination of assistance from agencies in the neighborhood for example Chiang Rai Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Office, Mae Suai Hospital, 37th Army District and mass media were determined. Finally, the revival after the disaster focused on rehabilitation of agricultural area and restoration of houses by skilled local people
Public policy for household food waste management in municipal areas
Aornsupa Saiphet; Karika Kunta (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
The objectives of this study are : 1) to analyze the situations of household food waste (HFW) and assess the environmental impact on municipal food waste (MFW) management in municipal areas, 2) to synthesize a public policy for HFW management in municipal areas that is appropriate for Thailand's context and 3) to recommend guidelines for driving the implementation of the public policy. The synthesis of public policy for household food waste (HFW) management in municipal areas was conducted to establish the overall framework and direction for the systematic management of municipal food waste (MFW) in the country. The synthesis process employed a mixed methods approach, which included the following research methods: 1) documentary research 2) survey research and 3) future research with the Delphi Technique that is technique involved engaging experts in the field to provide their opinions and insights on the issues, enabling the formulation of the policy. The researcher analyzed the gathered information and worked with experts to formulate the policy, which included defining the vision, targets, strategies, measures, and guidelines for driving policy implementation. To ensure the efficiency and appropriateness of the public policy for HFW management in municipal areas in Thailand's context, six tools were utilized: SWOT analysis, 4M's, PESTEL, TOWS matrix, Balanced Scorecards (BSC), and Objective Key Results (OKR). The formulated policy underwent a participatory process, including focus group discussions, to obtain recommendations and comments from relevant sectors. This was done to ensure that the public policy for HFW management in municipal areas was efficient and appropriate for Thailand. The research has found that the attitudes of households are significantly related to their HFW generation and management behavior, with a statistical confidence level of 95%. In 2021, Thailand had an average of 26,657 tons of food waste per day within municipal areas, accounting for 38.95% of the total municipal solid waste quantity. The food waste generation rate per capita was 0.4 kg. /person/day. Larger municipalities and tourist destinations had higher quantities of food waste and food waste generation rates per capita compared to smaller municipalities, with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. In municipal areas, households accounted for an average of 55.71% of the food waste, while other sources (retail and food service) accounted for 44.29% of the total quantity. The food waste was primarily mixed food waste, consisting of vegetable and fruit scraps, as well as inedible parts of plants, which have a high potential for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). Landfilling food waste has the highest potential for GHGs, followed by incineration, composting, and anaerobic digestion, respectively. Furthermore, a future research study conducted using the Delphi Technique with 17 experts found a consensus that household-level food waste in municipal areas should be addressed through public policies and the implementation. The proposed public policy has a vision "Moving toward to low-carbon society thru zero food waste landfill in 2037". All relevant sectors must implement food waste management strategies based on the 4 Excellence Strategies: Strategy 1 - Reduce the quantity of food waste at the source, Strategy 2 - Improve management efficiency to reduce GHGs, Strategy 3 - Foster a participatory consumption society, and Strategy 4 - Develop an integrated environmental system to enhance management capacity. Participants in the focus group discussions agreed with the framework for food waste management and proposed two main mechanisms to drive policy implementation: a mechanism for driving and transforming plans into action and a mechanism for establishing effective monitoring, inspection, and evaluation systems.
A sustainable model for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand
Yaowanart Rungcharoennan; Wisakha Phoochinda (National Institute of Development Administration, 2023)
This study aims to propose (1) a list of sustainability indicators; (2) sustainability operational guidelines; and (3) an appropriate sustainable management model for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand based on the Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC). The study employed mixed research methods, including qualitative and quantitative research. The research tools are the semi-structured interview form, the structured observation form, and the assessment forms, which consist of questionnaires and open-ended questions. The study areas and the key informants were selected by the purposive sampling method. The proposed list of sustainability indicators for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand developed from the conceptual framework of this study, in which Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP), the BCG economy, principles of good governance, stakeholder theory, human rights, and GHG mitigation mechanism concepts were synthesized by the deductive method. To make the proposed list of sustainability indicators and issues reliable and practical, it was assessed by eighteen experts and professionals. The assessment results brought about nineteen sustainability indicators for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand, which could be divided into six perspectives: (1) financial perspective—three indicators; (2) stakeholder perspective—three indicators; (3) internal processes perspective—five indicators; (4) learning and growth perspective—two indicators; (5) community perspective—two indicators; and (6) ecosystem perspective—four indicators. To propose sustainability operational guidelines for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand, three community enterprises were selected to be the study areas, which are: one produces electricity from solar energy; one produces biogas from swine manure; and one produces biomass energy from bamboo. According to the study of the development and operations of the selected community enterprises based on the proposed nineteen sustainability indicators, it could be summarized as twenty-four proposed sustainability operational guidelines for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand. The researcher then reordered the operation processes to be more practical and appropriate. The Plan-Do-Check-Act/Adjust (PDCA) cycle was also applied for continuous improvement of the operations. It could be divided into four stages: (1) “Plan” stage—five guidelines; (2) “Do” stage—fifteen guidelines; (3) “Check” stage—two guidelines; (4) “Act/Adjust” stage—two guidelines. An appropriate sustainable management model for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand was proposed by combining the results of the sustainability indicators and the operational guidelines with the assessments of representatives from community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand, or users, experts, and professionals. It, therefore, consists of twenty-six guidelines and twenty-six indicators. In terms of the application, some details can be adapted to be suitable for each community enterprise. The order of the operation processes can also be adjusted and repeated as loops for constant improvement. Community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand can use the outputs of this study to set their operational goals or management plans to increase energy security, strengthen the grassroots economy, and reduce negative social and environmental impacts. In addition, it was found that the hybrid renewable energy system is recommended for community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand, and community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand should be encouraged to become legal entities. Although leaders play a very important role in community development, the community enterprises producing renewable energy in Thailand should achieve self-reliance and sustainable success through the community’s participation process and knowledge management.
Air pollution characteristics in Bangkok and PM2.5 emission in on-road transport sector for control policy implications
Labhatrada Saohasakul; Pakpong Pochanart (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
In Thailand, the air pollution situation is one of the severe environmental issues. Particularly, the major sources of PM2.5 in Thailand are normally caused by forest fire, biomass open burning, and vehicles. Bangkok, where is the capital city of Thailand, has faced the severe PM2.5 episode. According to the Pollution Control Department (PCD) annual reports, they revealed that the main causes of PM2.5 highly come from transportation and open burning, respectively. Thus, this study focused on the PM2.5 air quality in on-road transport sector in Bangkok by using Emission Inventory (EI) tool to identify the distinct source of vehicle types and fuels associated PM2.5 portions. The main aim is to establish the database of PM2.5 from on-road transport sector in Bangkok during 2010 to 2019. The types of vehicles were considered into seven types based on Department of Land and Transport that consist of personal cars, motorcycles, vans, public pick-up transport, buses, trucks, pick-ups, and tuk-tuk. The results showed that the largest vehicle which contributed to the high level of PM2.5 emission was trucks with the use of Pre-Euro diesel engines had the portion of emission up to 49%. Followed by Pickups with Pre-Euro diesel engines which had 38% of PM2.5 emission. However, to implement the policy for reducing PM2.5 concentration, the prediction of PM2.5 concentration in ambient air quality need to be considered. Thus, the relationship between PM2.5 and factor affecting PM2.5 concentration were correlated to estimate future PM2.5 prediction in Bangkok. Two models were developed in different variables by using the data of 2017 to 2019. The results demonstrated that the performance of PM2.5 model prediction in this study had high correlation with R2 0.84 and 0.86 for Model I and Model II, respectively. In addition, to verify the concentration of PM2.5 prediction in this section box model was applied. Finally, the implication of PM2.5 reduction policy were recommended based on the results of major sources of on-road PM2.5 emission and the future emission control standards for the next ten-years (2020-2030).
A study of the model of smart farming in urban community
Eakgalak Kanjananiyom; Wisakha Phoochinda (National Institute of Development Administration, 2023)
The objectives of this dissertation are 1) to study Smart Farming in urban community including problems and obstacles, 2) to analyze factors affecting the success of Smart Farming in urban community, and 3) to present a model of a sustainable Smart Farming of urban community. This is qualitative study consisted of interviews with experts and relevant agencies on smart farming in urban community: government agencies, state enterprises, public organizations, educational institutes, and private business sector. Smart Farming survey, 10 case studies, selected from farmers who are qualified as Smart Farming according to the criteria of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. The data were analyzed for common variables by selecting and extracting duplicate factors for analysis using CIPPI Model and 10 case studies of Smart Farmers to share their opinions and suggestions to create a model and test the model to present a sustainable Smart Farming model of urban agriculture. The findings reveal that Smart Farming in urban community of 10 case studies of smart farmers consisting of having knowledge on, having marketing about production information to make decisions, having awareness of product quality and consumer safety, having social and environmental responsibility, and having pride in being a farmer. In terms of factors affecting the success of Smart Farming, it consists of commitment and determination, ability to use it devices, ability to plan marketing and online marketing, training attendance for additional knowledge, training attendance for additional knowledge, recording, income-expenditure accounting, sufficiency economy farming, organic farming, and integrated farming, support from the public, business, and private sectors, knowledge of farming from ancestors, output certified with G.A.P. standard and forming of farmer groups for joint farming practice. The model of Sustainable Smart Farming includes for example personnel: Knowledge and advanced technology of smart farming should be developed, study tours of the smart farming prototype should be organized, as well as online meetings. Planning: Production planning in line with seasons and market demands of customers and consumers, the period where there are a lot of insects and pests must be avoided. Income: Focus on marketing and online marketing that places importance on standard and safe production process. CSR: Sustainable production process should be supported with focus on quality goods, least impact on the environment, especially efficient resource management such as optimal resource utilization, guideline to reuse waste in line with sustainable development, CSR, ethical management both in and outside the farm.
Green business model of biomass very small power producers
Paron Vongchan; Chutarat Chompunth (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
This research aimed to study the green business guidelines from case studies of successful biomass energy businesses, the community impact from biomass energy business, and construct the Green Business Model of Biomass Very Small Power Producers (BVSPP). The methodology consisted of the mixed-methods sequential design by comparison with the findings of the study results from different information sources such as four case studies of successful biomass energy businesses, impact on communities living within the three kms radius of the biomass power plants, assessment results of the (Draft) Green Business Model of BVSPP from nine assessors, as well as recommendations from the key informants. Then, analyzing the data by comparing the study results from three different sources to confirm the Green Business Model of BVSPP. The findings revealed that the concept of green business model of BVSPP consisted of four key aspects namely 1) Stakeholders aspect including BVSPP, Communities, Government, and NGOs 2) Sustainability management aspect including economic management, social management, and environmental management 3) Effectiveness aspect including Social Return on Investment (SROI) and 4) Learning and growth aspect including training/learning and innovation/technology. Biomass Very Small Power Producers could deploy the concept of this model for enhancing the performance of the biomass power plant business operation to generate SROI for all stakeholders in the biomass energy supply chain.
Development of appropriate indicators of eco industrial town in the Thai context
Samran Sonpuing; Chamlong Poboon (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
Eco Industrial Town (EIT) is one of important development policies of Thailand. An overlying goal of the operations under the EIT policy is to pave the way to create a happy industrial society. Indicators are primarily tool used for measuring the progress of EIT implementation in Thailand. Due to the weaknesses of the available indicators, together with challenges from emerging sustainability concepts and trends, the EIT framework and relevant indicators need to be further revisited and developed to be able to cope with the threats and challenges. Objectives of the research are: 1) to study the framework of the eco industrial town and its indicators in the Thailand context, 2) to develop the framework of eco industrial town and the appropriate indicators in the Thailand context primarily based on perspectives of the physical, the economy, the environmental, the social, the management, and others, 3) to confirm the suitability of framework of eco industrial town and the appropriate indicators in the Thailand context primarily based on perspectives of the physical, the economy, the environmental, the social, the management and others. Methodology used in the research comprised of 1) the documentary research on ground concepts of relevant concepts -- sustainable development, related current trends and movements that challenge to the EIT implementation in Thailand, 2) extensive feedback of the 30 experts in the field of eco industrial town and indicator development, and 3) feedback of the 62 relevant stakeholders to the EIT implementation. The research results provide a new framework which the continuous development perspective was added to the first five perspectives, 13 dimensions, 18 indicators are added to the existing framework of EIT of Thailand. The documentary research provide a new perspective (continuous development perspective) to the first five perspectives, then totally 33 dimensions, and 59 indicators were constructed consecutively. The extensive feedback of the 30 experts in the field of eco industrial town and indicator development were obtained from 2 rounds of questionnaire submitted to them. The experts' feedback are inputs for revising the EIT framework and its indicators. The final stage are asking for feedback from 62 relevant stakeholders of the EIT implementation in the target EITs of Thailand that used for revising of the EIT framework and its indicators. The final version of EIT framework and its indicators consists of 6 perspectives, 32 dimensions and 59 indicators. Therefore, the final version of EIT framework and its indicators are appropriate for using to evaluate and measure progress of EIT implementation of each area of target EITs in Thailand to check whether how well they do against the required criteria of EIT. Key recommendations for policy makers and EIT implementers are 1) support annual budget, handbook of EIT implementation, and training regarding the required criteria of indicators to stakeholders of the EITs regularly and continually, 2) revise the EIT framework and its indicators to keep up with the situation of global trends, 3) communicate and stimulate stakeholders of the EIT, especially communities and manufacturing plants to fully understand and recognize the purposes of EIT implementation, benefits from implementing EIT, and well-being of residents after implementing and receiving registration from Department of Industrial Work.
Lesson learned from public participation process in strategic environmental assessment of electrical power development in Southern Thailand
Nalinee Hajima; Chamlong Poboon (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
This research aims to study people participation process for the Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) of electrical power development of southern Thailand as well as the benefits, problems and obstacles in order to have lesson learned from the participation process. This research is a qualitative research in which the data were collected by semi-structured interview with the stakeholders of the SEA study. There were 40 informants from 4 groups which are 1) local people, 2) relevant agencies, 3) NGOs, academia and mass media and 4) the SEA study team and the project supervisory committee. In addition, the data were collected from observations, focus group discussions and field trips in the target areas and the study of the document related to the project. The analysis of data adopted the framework of CIPP-I model of assessment which considering 5 main components that are context, input, process, product and impact. The results of the study revealed that 1) Context: The policy on electrical power development according to Thailand power development plan of 2015-2036 (PDP 2015) emphasized on electrical security by diversifying fuels in electrical generation to reduce the relying up on natural gas by increasing the proportion of coal. This caused conflict in the areas of coal-fired power plant projects which lead to the movement of NGOs, and those who were affected by the projects. Another important context is the law concerning the environmental assessment of Thailand which are in need for the reform to enable the effectiveness and more acceptable participation process. 2) Input: In the beginning, most people who participated in the participation process had a low level of understanding and negative attitude towards the project but at the end they had better understanding and attitude. The persons responsible for the people participation process were qualified and accepted by the participants. 3) Process: The participation process in overall was effective. The level of participation was at joint planning level. The participants were able to reach the data and information from many channels. The participation process started quite early and covered the stakeholders well. The study team was sincere and the process was always transparent. 4) Product: The majority of the informants accepted the outcome of the participation process and the results of the SEA study, and 5) Impact: The project was able to reduce conflicts between the participants and created a better atmosphere as the trust to the project was increasing. As a result, the relationship between the stakeholders has become more positive.
Utilization of sugarcane bagasse by-product for Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by Bacillus subtilis
Jittaporn Popanyasak; Tawadchai Suppadit (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is a by-product obtained from sugar processing that have abundance in Thailand. In order to manage this agricultural waste, it has been applied in numerous applications, especially fuel for power generation and producing value products. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of sugarcane bagasse for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production by Bacillus subtilis TISTR 008. The SCB was treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide before introducing hydrolysis process. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration and reaction time on hydrolysis were evaluated. The SCB hydrolysate obtained from 0.5% (v/v) for 120 min showed the highest reducing sugar concentration. A one factor at a time experiment was employed to optimize nitrogen sources leading to the highest PHAs concentration. The result found that B. subtilis TISTR 008 could accumulate the maximum PHAs when using urea as nitrogen source. A full factorial design was used to optimize the SCB hydrolysate concentration and fermentation time for PHAs improvement. The use of hydrolysate concentration and fermentation time at 30% v/v and 48 hours resulted in the maximum PHAs accumulation of 0.33 g/L and dry cell weight of 0.98 g/L. The chemical characteristics of the extracted PHAs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The spectral confirmed that the PHAs produced from B. subtilis TISTR 008 using SCB hydrolysate as substrate was PHB.
Projection of the economic impacts of changes in Thailand's transparency and associated change in co2 emissions
Rapee Pholpanich; Sompote Kunnoot (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
Economic growth is driven by the growth of capital in the neoclassical tradition. Likewise, economic growth is compromised by the leakage of potential capital growth. The factors in economic growth are the accumulation of 4 types of capital, comprising physical capital, human capital, natural capital, and social capital. They are complementary. The deficiency of any one can compromise economic growth and erode the supply of other types of capital. The deterioration of the social capital that brings corruption is an underlying factor for the drag on economic growth, loss of social welfare, underdeveloped political practice, and rapid depreciation of natural capital. In contrast, healthy economic growth is achieved by an increase in the supply of social capital, which uses transparency as a representation of social capital, adopting Thailand’s corruption perceptions index (CPI). This study employs the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models in ORANI (Dixon et al., 1982). The 2010 edition of the 180 sectors of Thailand’s input-output table by the Office of National Economic and Social Development Council (NESDC) was used as the CGE model database. The CGE system consists of 135,202 variables and 133,940 equations, which offer 1,262 structural exogenous variables. The growth of the investment ratio is represented by the CPI growth rate that is applied to the CGE system for the projection of economic impacts, structural change, and associated changes in CO2 emissions. Economic impact is measured by the growth of real GDP. Structural change is measured by the output growth of sectors that received high and low benefits, and environmental change is measured by petroleum consumption, efficiency of petroleum usage, and carbon emissions. In this study, the projection has two cases. Case 1 (base case) did not apply the growth of the CPI score that fixed an 8 percent investment rate. Case 2 applied investment ratio growth with the growth of the CPI score to compare two test scenarios. Scenario 1 for case 2 was given an 8 percent investment rate and a 0.94 percent per year investment ratio growth for all sectors. In scenario 2 for case 2, the scenario of the increased transparency in the petroleum sector was given an 8 percent investment rate, a 0.97 percent per year investment ratio growth for the petroleum sector, and a 0.94 percent per year investment ratio growth for the rest of the sectors. The 30-year CGE model projection results demonstrate that transparency affects efficient investment, which leads to a prosperous economy. According to the comparison between Case 1 and 2, the application of the investment ratio growth with the growth of the CPI score produced a real GDP growth index that exceeded the base case from 239 to 308. This real GDP growth index has been apparently different over 20 years. The higher CPI score leads to expanding the investment due to rich social capital or transparency and trust. This trust creates investment to replace the depreciation of capital and new investment of capital stock by investment ratio growth. In addition, in scenario 2 for case 2, the Integrity Pact, a tool for increasing the CPI score, results that changes in the petroleum sector, such as increased capital, a decline in the price of petroleum, and it has positively affected the real GDP growth index. In the 30-year prediction, a strong effect was found in the transport and petroleum sectors. In terms of the resulting consequences, policymakers should have a policy not only to audit and monitor the government’s administration for increased transparency and trust, but also the energy and environment conservation policies to support economic growth.
Safety, occupational health and environmental management system model for small and medium-sized enterprises
Thepporn Jaroenroy; Chutarat Chompunth (National Institute of Development Administration, 2019)
The objectives of this study are: 1) to identify the occupational health risks, environmental aspects, motivators, and barriers to adopting the integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises of metal products in Thailand; 2) to identify the factors that related the adoption of the integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system in SMEs; 3) to design an integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system from the integration of ISO 14001: 2015, OHSAS 18001: 2007 and ISO 45001: 2018 for small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises of metal products in Thailand: and 4) to trial an integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system in pilot SMEs and evaluate the implementing results. Qualitative and Quantitative were used to answer the objectives of the study. For the qualitative study, the literature review on the safety and environmental management in SMEs was conducted to understand how SMEs manage their risks and environmental aspects. Existing international standards for occupational health and safety, environmental management system, motivators and barriers for SMEs in the implementation of occupational health and safety, environmental management system were also studied. Expert in-depth interviews were conducted to provide points of view of professionals. The content analysis was used to analyze data obtained from the expert in-depth interviews. All data were gathered to develop the new integrated management system. Focus group discussion was conducted to verify the integrated management system. The new integrated management system was implemented in pilot SMEs and evaluated by using the balanced scorecard. Meanwhile, the quantitative method was used to collect the data by questionnaire. The quantitative analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficients. These methods were used to examine the relationship between variables of the interest of SMEs in the adoption of the integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system. The concept of the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is strongly recommended for the new integrated management system for SMEs in consideration of the limitations of SMEs. The implementing result with the evaluation by using the balanced scorecard shows that the integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system can elevate the safety, occupational health and environmental performance of the three voluntary SMEs. All three SMEs are satisfied with the results of the implementation. The unsafe machine, physical hazard and chemical hazard are major causes of occupational health problem in SMEs. Additionally, waste, noise and wastewater are the significant aspects that most SMEs could face. The limitations in term of human resources, budget, time and lack of information related to health, safety and environment management system are the main barriers to the management system adoption in SMEs. On the other hand, the rapid decision making by the owner-manager, the good relationship between employer and employees, flat organization and the quick communication, as well as the characteristics of SMEs, are good motivators that drive them to implement the safety, occupational health and environmental management system. The only factor that relates to the interest of the integrated safety, occupational health and environmental management system implementing in SMEs is Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) policy. The research suggested that the commitment of the top management is the success factor for the integrated management system implementation in SMEs with the essential budget. The consultant who works with SMEs should consider the limitation of SMEs and propose the appropriate implementation timeline. The government sector should encourage SMEs by providing financial support, consultancy program and surveillance audit program to ensure the success of the management system implementation of SMEs that can help reduce the injury, illness and accident rates and prevent the environmental problems of SMEs in Thailand.
Impacts of sustained low petroleum price on Thailand's economy and quantity of the release of co2 resulting from petroleum consumption from the perspective of forecasting computable general equilibrium model
Chatsamee Chanitnan; Sompote Kunnoot (National Institute of Development Administration, 2018)
The increase of world supply of shale gas and shale oil had sustained the low level of oil price at about 50% of the previous level for the extended period since 2014. There are opinions as found in the media of different perspectives suggesting both positive and negative sides of the economic effects. This study designed a model of the economic change in 5 years by applied the forecasting computable general equilibrium, for the purpose of studying the impact of oil prices that had remained low since 2014 was estimated to be 50% in comparison with that of 2012. The estimation was conducted by comparing two cases of economic changes, consist of 1) the spontaneous economic change due to the net increase in capital factor, which was resulted from the capital accumulation caused by fixed investment of several branches of production. 2) the spontaneous economic change due to the net increase in capital factor, which was resulted from the capital accumulation caused by fixed investment of several branches of production combined with the 50% decrease in oil prices , the level that had had the visible impacts since 2014. The purpose of this study is to report the findings about Thailand’s economic impacts from the perspective of the forecasting computable general equilibrium model. The economic impacts were further used in assessing the release of CO2 resulting from change in oil consumption. It was found that low oil price gave positive effects on the real GDP of Thailand. The oil consumption has increased in greater percentage than the real GDP. From the perspective of economic analysis, this study concludes with an opinion that the generation of CO2 which follows the growth of private income can be contained by the policy that turns the growth of private consumption into saving which is used for public infrastructural investment. The external effect can create opportunity for the investment of the private sector which expands the potential for future income generation.
Analysis of agenda setting, public policy formulation, implementation and development: a case study of Thailand's village and urban community fund
Jitsupa Kitipadung; Surasit Vajirakachorn (National Institute of Development Administration, 2017)
The objectives of this study were to study the agenda setting process, policy formulation, implementation, development of the Village and Urban Community fund. The research method was qualitative, combining the document research and indepth interview with the key informants related to the policy formulation and implementation, in order to study the policy agenda setting process, implementation, and the factors contributing to success, problems, and obstruction in policy formulation, as well as the model of policy development. The result including the following points.
Governance and sustainability of solid waste power plants in Thailand
Suwannee Missita; Wisakha Phoochinda (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
This research aimed to evaluate sustainability management regarding economic, social, environment, and good governance aspects of the Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) using municipal solid waste in Thailand and to propose guidelines for sustainable management of the Very Small Power Producer (VSPP) using municipal solid waste. This research was a mixed method between quantitative and qualitative research by documenting reviews of relevant papers, for instance, records, data, statistics, textbooks, academic articles, and related research to the Very Small Municipal Solid Waste Power Plants (VSMSWPPs) management in order to identify indicators for assessing the compliance of VSMSWPPs with governance and sustainable development. Afterward, the indicators were recommended by the 12 experts prior to data collection. They were executives, policymakers, and solid waste power plant experts. The structured interview with policymakers, responsible units, and stakeholders of the VSMSWPPs were used in this research. The questionnaires were used to collect data to communities surrounding the seven VSMSWPPs, that have different four technologies in six areas, with totaling of 610 samples by convenient sampling. The structured interview was used with 17 interviewees; the three entrepreneurs or executives of VSMSWPPs, the three local government officers, six municipal solid waste power plant experts, and five policymakers. The content and grouping analysis as well as triangulation were used to analyze data. Then, the results will shed light on the proposed appropriate guideline of the VSMSWPPs regarding governance and sustainability. The good governance and sustainability concepts were selected as a framework and used to construct indicator to evaluate the performance of VSMSWPPs. The framework contains four dimensions, and each dimension had indicators as follows: 1) Governance dimension with seven indicators (for example, policy and plan, law, and values of money); 2) Economic dimension with eight indicators (for example, quality and quantity of raw materials, technologies, and financial support measures); 3) Social dimension with five indicators (for example, social return on investment, impact on quality of life, and stakeholder opinions); and 4) Environmental dimension with seven indicators (for example, transportation of raw materials, waste treatment and disposal, and emissions). Therefore, there are 27 indicators in total. The evaluation results of VSMSWPPs found that most of them comply with the law, such as the Code of Practice. However, some waste power plants do not take care of the communities surrounding the power plants. VSMSWPPs, with cooperation between the waste power plant, government agencies, and people, can operate effectively and coexist with the people. Some solid waste power plants do not have enough raw materials for the process because there is no waste separation at the source. The guideline of the VSMSWPPs, namely 1) Waste management such as waste reduction and separation of each type of waste at the source for maximum benefit, and selection of the appropriate waste disposal method in each area using integrated technology must be done 2) The government sector should have specific laws for solid waste power plants and a specialized agency providing comprehensive services to reduce the process of developing VSMSWPPs 3) Stakeholders must involve the development of VSMSWPPs in every step. 4) Entrepreneurs must study the properties of waste and the amount of waste to select the appropriate technology 5) VSMSWPPs should be integrated technology and use both thermal and biological processes 6) The development of VSMSWPPs requires a survey of the availability of transmission lines 7) A financial professional should conduct a social return assessment and investment suitability analysis 8) VSMSWPPs must have sufficient machine tools, experts, a maintenance plan , and a spare parts reserve plan.
Management model for biogas production from wastewater of natural rubber processing at the community level
Vivat Keawdounglek; Chamlong Poboon (National Institute of Development Administration, 2017)
This study aims to examine the factors affecting the management of biogas production from the wastewater produced by natural rubber processing at community level and to develop a management model. The methodologies consist of a literature review on the factors affecting biogas management and the sites studies based on structural interviews with three rubber sheet production cooperatives in Songkhla Province. The data are summarized to find the key factors and criteria. These factors and criteria were ranked using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish a management model. The initial model was then tested on six natural rubber processing companies including the Wangluang Cooperative Rubber Production, Wangkiri Cooperative Rubber Production, Baan Nong-Khla Cooperative Rubber Production, Wangcharearn Cooperative of Agriculture, Chiang Rai Rubber Center Co. Ltd., and the LaanNa Rubber Co. Ltd. As a result, five key factors were found including environmental factors, social factors, health impact factors, economic factors and technological factors, respectively. The results from the test model showed that there were 0.791 points for the two sites of successful biogas production that were considered to have good management in the biogas production plants. Meanwhile, 0.388-0.390 points showed a failure in biogas production. Moreover, 0.101 points were given to those companies for which details of biogas production were not be obtained. Practical guidelines for a management model for biogas production from the wastewater produced by natural rubber processing at the community level were developed as follows: 1) identifying the environmental problems, 2) building the social cooperation, 3) sanitation improvement, 4) economic analysis, and 5) considerations relating to biogas technology. The relevant authorities should evaluate biogas production from the wastewater produced by natural rubber processing using this model to avoid the failure of biogas production at other sites. In addition, the successful sites of biogas production from wastewater produced by natural rubber processing should provide training to the employees of biogas production companies to increase the potential of biogas production at new sites and to avoid failure at those sites.
Development of sustainable consumption and production indicators for industrial sector according to circular economy principles in Thailand
Peeraporn Palapleevalya; Chamlong Poboon (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
The aim of this research is to (1) investigate sustainable consumption and production indicators for industries as well as examine the difficulties and limitations in using these indicators for the Eco-Factory program under the Federation of Thai Industries; and (2) develop sustainable consumption and production indicators for Thai industries based on the Sustainable Consumption and Production Roadmap 2017-2037 and circular economy principles which are part of Thailand’s long-term strategic plan under the national industrial development goals based on the BCG (Bio-Circular-Green) Economy Model. At present, there appears to be no academic study of the Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) indicators for sustainable development at the micro level for industry in Thailand. This research focused on stakeholder involvement in developing indicators through surveys, in-depth interview, focus group meeting, seminar and workshop. The study results include a final version of SCP indicators (26 sets of indicators, 60 sub-indicators) consisting of 4 dimensions including environmental, social, economic and good governance dimensions. Recommendations for implementation of indicators are: (1) initiate pilot project to support practical implementation in the industrial sectors based on the industrial types including upstream, midstream, and downstream industries; (2) conduct a periodic review of the indicators, such as every 3 years, by entrepreneurs and other sectors, and there should be standards, evaluation and certification based on the circular economy standard of Thai Industrial Standard Institute (TISI); and (3) support information dissemination and workshops during as part of the first step to promote the readiness of industries interested in the implementation of and support for sustainability reporting resulting from the indicator implementation, as well as create a collaborative network between industries.
Development of the model of infectious waste management in community in health region 4
Prachuab Seangdao; Wisakha Phoochinda (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
The research on the development of the model of infectious waste management in community in health region 4 consisted of mixed methods research, with quantitative research as main method and qualitative research as minor method. The objectives included analysis of the situations, potentials, and limitations of the infectious waste management, analysis of the factors impacting the success of infectious waste management in community in best practice areas using CIPP-I model and then to develop the model of infectious waste management (IFWM) in Health Region 4. The procedure was divided into 5 stages: 1) Study laws and regulatory measures on IFWM 2) Explore potentials of IFWM by using questionnaires in which the sample included 260 directors of subdistrict health promoting hospitals, using quota and simple random samplings 3) Study success factors of IFWM in 4 best practice areas in 4 provinces by interviewing 20 relevant people in provincial and district public health offices, hospital, municipality, and subdistrict health promoting hospital, using purposive sampling 4) Establish a community IFWM model and 5) Confirm IFWM in community model using questionnaires and focus group with 100 people in the afore-mentioned public health offices, municipality, and hospitals, using purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the qualitative information was analyzed using content analysis with presentation of descriptive data; preliminary investigation; statistical calculations of the data through basic computer programs; and analysis of percentage, mean, and standard deviation to learn of the characteristics of the sample and conditions of the variables. The results showed that the highest potential of IFWM was infectious waste separation (x̄=0.73 SD=0.451) and 5 aspects of IFWM in community: 1) Context: Policies/plans of IFWM in community; Regulations/municipal laws/MOA on IFWM in community; Acts/Ministerial Regulations/standards on IFWM in community 2) Input: Clear assignment of personnel in IFWM in community; Budget, personnel, materials, and methods of IFWM in community 3) Process: Knowledge to patients generating infectious waste in community; Channels to report and make inquiry of the guideline of IFWM in community; Information of patients generating the waste 4) Product: Evaluate IFWM in community; Standard storage area of IFWM in community; Record the amount of IFWM in community and 5) Impact: Evaluate impact on health and environment from IFWM. The results of the evaluation of IFWM in community were satisfactory (x̄=4.18, SD=0.629) and appropriate of IFWM in community (x̄=3.86, SD=0.829) at a high level. On the recommended model of IFWM in community, local administrative organizations should issue regulations or municipal laws on IFWM in community and formulate policies/plans on IFWM in community in conjunction with local public health agencies through joint meetings to plan IFWM from patients’ home, enforcement of laws, notifications, regulations, or standards on IFWM, support of personnel, materials, budget, and trainings for patients generating IFW in community, through channels for reporting, enquiring about the guideline of IFWM in community, preparing the database of patients and recording the amount of generated infectious waste, standard storage area of infectious waste in community, monitoring and assessment of IFWM in community in parallel with assessment of impact on health and environment from IFWM, resulting in properly managed infectious waste with safety for health and environment.
Disaster mitigation: the integration of inter-organizational according to public disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan to encourage earthquake readiness in Chiangrai province
Sirinon Suwanmolee; Surasit Vajirakachorn (National Institute of Development, 2017)
The objectives of this dissertation were 1) To study the problem condition and obstacles in Chiangrai earthquakes mitigation according to disaster prevention and mitigation strategy plan. 2) To study the actors in local, provincial and national levels of policies network in Chiangrai earthquakes mitigation 3) To study the guideline to integrate coordination between organizations involved in the earthquakes mitigation in Chiangrai. Data collection started from qualitative research followed by quantitative research.

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