GSDMS: Dissertations

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Predicting waste reduction behavior according to the 5 R principles using three psycho-social models in undergraduate student
Tanavisit Malison; Duchduen Bhanthumnavin (National Institute of Development Administration, 2025)
This research is a quantitative study that examines the comparative correlation among three psychosocial theories to determine whether predictors from the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, Psycho-Moral Strength, or Theory of Planned Behavior can predict behaviors related to waste reduction according to the 5 R principles: avoiding and reducing the use of items, reusing items effectively, and recycling. The sample used in this research study consists of undergraduate students in their 2nd to 3rd year from public and private universities, or state-controlled universities, totaling 573 individuals. This includes 166 male students (29.0%) and 407 female students (71.1%), with an average age of 19 years and 8 months. Used a multi-stage sampling method, analyzing data in the overall group and in 25 sub-groups, which were divided according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the sample group. The variables in this research consist of 1) a group of waste reduction behaviors according to the 5R principle, which includes three variables: avoiding and reducing the use of items, reusing items wisely, and adjusting and reusing items. 2) a group of self-sufficient economy variables. 3 variables are rationality, self-immunity, and recognition of virtue. 3) Group of moral psychological power The four variables are self-efficacy, achievement motivation, Future oriented and self-controlself-control, and ethical disengagement. 4) Theory of Planned Behavior 4 variables are social norms, attitudes toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and intention to perform the behavior. 5) Socio-biological background variable group Most of the scales are of the rating type, with Cronbach's Alpha Method reliability (α) ranging from 0.597 to 0.852. The analysis of three key data points is as follows: First, the group of ethical power can predict waste reduction behavior according to the 5 R principles (3 behaviors) significantly better than the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy group, with an increase in predictive power ranging from 2.10% to 6.85%. The two predictors, ranked from most to least important, are 1) achievement motivation and 2) self-efficacy. Secondly, the theory of planned behavior group can predict waste reduction behavior according to the 5 R principles (3 behaviors) more effectively from two predictor groups: the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy group and the predictor from the ethical power group, with statistical significance. The prediction volume increased between 27.60% and 39.60%. Three predictors were identified in order of importance: 1) intention to perform the behavior, 2) achievement motivation, and 3) perceived moral values. And finally, the results of the linear relationship model test of the 5R waste reduction behavior group showed that it was directly influenced by all latent variables, ranked by the coefficient of influence as follows: 1) the planned behavior latent variable group (0.694). 2) The latent variable group of ethical power (0.489) and 3) the latent variable group of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (0.165). The coefficient of determination (R²) of the structural equation model for the internal variable group of the 5R waste reduction behavior is 0.131, with a Chi-Square value of 46.880, df = 34, p-value = 0.0697, RMSEA = 0.026, CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.987, and SRMR = 0.030. Based on the research findings that the development of waste reduction behavior according to the 5R principle needs to focus more on individual factors (Individualism) rather than social factors, ethical mental power plays a significant role in influencing behavior both directly and indirectly. Therefore, development recommendations should prioritize strengthening these factors, including practical approaches that can be implemented, such as 1) Developing guidelines to support waste reduction behaviors based on the 5R principle 2) Developing behavior prediction models through ethical motivation 3) The use of technology and digital media to stimulate behavior 4) Integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy with waste reduction according to the 5R principles and 5) Designing support policies at the organizational and community levels, etc., will lead to clear outcomes for the benefit of developing the targeted personnel of the project.
Causal model of creative problem-solving behavior in undergraduate students
Suwaluck Uansa-ard; Duangduen Bhanthumnavin (National Institute of Development Administration, 2025)
This study examined the relationships among psychological traits, situational factors, and psychological states with creative problem-solving behavior, and identified key predictors of such behavior among undergraduate students. The sample comprised 480 fourth-year undergraduates from four autonomous universities, selected through multi-stage sampling. Analyses were conducted on the overall sample and 22 subgroups classified by biosocial backgrounds. The study’s conceptual framework was grounded in the interactionism model, which guided the identification of five variable groups. The first group, psychological traits, included core self-evaluations, openness to experience, and mental health. The second group, situational factors, encompassed perceived problem-solving modeling, past experience, and activities in educational institutions. The third group, psychological states, comprised attitudes toward creative problem-solving and perceived behavioral control. The fourth group represented creative problem-solving behavior itself, consisting of causal problem-solving, knowledge integration, and divergent problem-solving behaviors. The fifth group involved biosocial background variables. Measurement tools primarily employed summative rating scales, with reliabilities ranging between .75 and .88. Five major findings emerged. First, the three forms of creative problem-solving behavior correlated positively at moderate levels, with coefficients from .59 to .66. Second, six variables from psychological traits and situational factors predicted two psychological states. Attitude toward creative problem-solving was predicted at 44.6%, with openness to experience, core self-evaluations, and perceived problem-solving modeling as strongest predictors. Perceived behavioral control was predicted at 59.2%, primarily by core self-evaluations, openness to experience, and past experience. Third, eight variables from traits, factors, and states jointly predicted three types of creative problem-solving behavior. Causal problem-solving was predicted at 43.9%, with perceived behavioral control, attitude, modeling, and past experience as key predictors. Knowledge integration behavior was predicted at 45.8%, with perceived behavioral control, attitude, past experience, and activities in institutions as main predictors. Divergent problem-solving behavior was predicted at 57.2%, driven by perceived behavioral control, attitude, past experience, and openness to experience. Fourth, structural equation modeling indicated that creative problem-solving behavior was directly influenced by psychological traits (.308), situational factors (.211), and psychological states (.436). Together, they explained 86.6% of variance in the latent construct of creative problem-solving behavior. Fit indices demonstrated good fit (χ² = 32.826, df = 22, p = 0.0644, RMSEA = 0.032, CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.991, SRMR = 0.047, N = 480). Psychological traits and situational factors also indirectly influenced creative problem-solving through psychological states, with coefficients of 0.201 and 0.208, respectively. These findings highlight the mediating role of psychological states, indicating that suitable traits and situational supports foster positive states that enhance creative problem-solving. Fifth, analysis revealed at-risk groups of students with lower levels of all three components of creative problem-solving behavior. These groups included males, first-born students, those with low GPAs, and those lacking work experience. Protective factors identified as most crucial for development were perceived behavioral control, attitudes toward creative problem-solving, and past experience. The study proposes three directions for future research. First, findings should inform the design of training programs to strengthen creative problem-solving, followed by experimental evaluations of program effectiveness. Second, identified at-risk groups should be studied further using mixed-method approaches, enabling deeper understanding of their needs and targeted interventions that reduce disparities and foster skill enhancement. Third, longitudinal studies should examine the long-term links between creative problem-solving and career or life success. Tracking graduates over three to five years would help validate the importance of these skills and encourage institutions to prioritize their development. Such findings could also guide curriculum reforms to meet future labor market demands. In conclusion, this research confirms the significant roles of psychological traits, situational factors, and psychological states in shaping creative problem-solving behavior. The findings underscore the mediating function of psychological states, identify at-risk groups needing urgent support, and offer practical implications for educational program design and policy. By addressing these areas, higher education can better prepare students to meet complex challenges with creativity and adaptability.
The role of China’s foreign policy with Chinese characteristics in Southeast Asia
Panitta Sriwongyu; Li, Renliang (National Institute of Development Administration, 2025)
China’s growing interest in Southeast Asia, focusing on preventing any anti-China groups, increasing trade, building strategic relationships, and securing land claims. China’s power makes some countries uneasy, its diplomatic actions and significant rewards to certain weaker nations have stopped a united opposition from forming within ASEAN, a key regional organization. China’s foreign policy in Southeast Asia is characterized by a variety of aspects, influenced by collaborative as well as hostile forces. China’s foreign policy in Southeast Asia is a sophisticated combination of economic projects, strategic diplomacy, and concerns regarding regional security, with the goal of strengthening its impact while navigating the inherent conflicts and competitive dynamics in the area. There are 4 objectives of the study 1) To understand the internal and external factors of China’s foreign policy with Chinese characteristics formulation. 2) To acknowledge the explanation of China’s foreign policy with Chinese characteristics. 3) To examine the implementation of China’s foreign policy with Chinese characteristics in Southeast Asia. 4) To study the role of China’s foreign policy with Chinese characteristics in Southeast Asia. This study is qualitative research in the form of a targeted examination of the designated area of interest. The principal focus of this research is to detail the ways in which China’s diplomatic and economic maneuvers have affected its partnerships with Southeast Asia. My hypothesis posits that China’s foreign policy towards Southeast Asia may be elucidated through a series of determinants, which encompass China’s “Motivational factors” or internal factors, “Context” or external factors, and “China’s intentions.” The relevant stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners involved in China’s foreign policy towards Southeast Asia were consulted for the purpose of data acquisition and examined three distinct roles that influence the interplay between regional security and economic relations within Southeast Asia. The research result of the role of China’s foreign policy with Chinese characteristics in Southeast Asia found that China’s foreign policy, characterized by its unique attributes, is centered on the examination of its foreign policy that reflects distinctive features arising from contributions of Chinese scholars to the theory of IR from a Chinese viewpoint. Scholars in Chinese IR are instrumental in shaping both the theoretical foundations and the practical dimensions of China’s foreign policy. The internal factors are of paramount importance in influencing China’s foreign policy, driven by a complex interplay of history and cultural tradition, ideology, governmental leadership and political structure, economic modernization, and soft power. China’s diplomatic stance is clearly defined by a multifaceted relationship with various external factors, which feature regional multilateralism, geopolitical factors, and global economic trends. The last factor is China’s intentions toward Southeast Asia, which are multifaceted, influenced by strategic, economic, and geopolitical dimensions. In Southeast Asia, the implementation of China’s foreign policy is distinguished by a synthesis of economic partnerships, diplomatic engagements, and soft power endeavors, with a pronounced focus on its national objectives. Established in the doctrines of peaceful coexistence and regional stability, China intends to adjust the regional order without the use of force, primarily focusing on economic leverage and diplomatic assurances. The fundamental aspects involve the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), solid strategic alliances, and key frameworks such as ASEAN Plus Three and the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC). For instance, the Sino-Vietnamese relationship exemplifies a blend of collaboration and discord—while border treaties and joint economic zones have been established, tensions continue to exist in the South China Sea. In Malaysia, China has undertaken significant infrastructure initiatives as part of the BRI, thereby fortifying economic ties while simultaneously provoking debates concerning sovereignty and dependency. Concurrently, Indonesia has emerged as a pivotal partner, benefiting from significant Chinese investments in areas such as transportation and finance, which align with Jakarta’s developmental aspirations. Nonetheless, apprehensions regarding debt sustainability, labor conditions, and environmental ramifications persist. Throughout the region, China’s policy integrates economic incentives and diplomatic gestures with strategic assertiveness, particularly in territorial disputes, thereby reflecting its overarching objective to cultivate influence while circumventing direct confrontation. China’s roles in Southeast Asia are congruent with its broader objectives on the continent at large: they are mainly characterized by economic and political roles in the region. According to the data gathered for this study, access for Chinese firms and opportunities for infrastructural investments are crucial economic interests for China within Southeast Asia. Politically, Southeast Asia is an example of China’s search for partners with stable regimes. The form of governance or the nature of leadership is of little consequence, provided that China is assured of the predictability of its counterparts. The prospective course of China-ASEAN relations will likely depend on China’s ability to harmonize its geopolitical ambitions with regional confidence-building and collective development objectives. Further research should aim to deepen empirical evidence, diversify theoretical lenses, and include multilevel perspectives (state, society, regional institutions). This approach will not solely enhance the scholarly dialogue but will also provide practical insights for policymakers navigating the evolving China-Southeast Asia relationship.
The implementation of aging society policy in Thailand : A case study of Nonthaburi municipality
Krittinai Ritthichai; Suvicha Pouaree (National Institute of Development Administration, 2024)
The objectives of this research were to examine causes and necessities of aging society policies in Nonthaburi Municipality; to fix out processes and approaches to the aging society policy implementation in Nonthaburi Municipality from 2002 to 2021; to study effectiveness of the aging society policies in Nonthaburi Municipality and to analyze conditions affecting the success or failure of aging policies implementation in Nonthaburi Municipality. This study employed qualitative research which in-dept interview approach with 17 informants, including policymakers and policy implementers. The data collected were analyzed using typological analysis, followed by interpretation and analytical synthesis. The results showed that the decline in both the number and rate of newborns, along with a reduction in the death rate in the Nonthaburi population, are key conditions causing policies for an aging society. This decline stems from various concerns about demographic changes, which have social and economic impacts and can lead to an aging society. The capacities of Nonthaburi Municipality play crucial role in the successful implementation of aging society policies. Thailand's local policies emphasize community-based solutions, such as the involvement of Village Health Volunteers and elderly clubs within Nonthaburi Municipality, to enhance accessibility and support for the elderly population. Moreover, the Department of Local Administration's six elderly care standards aim to enhance the quality of life for older adults through community involvement and coordinated support. Despite challenges such as limited resources and a shortage of trained personnel, this structured approach underscores Thailand’s commitment to supporting its aging population. To enhance the effectiveness and adaptability of aging policies in Nonthaburi Municipality, it is recommended to establish clear and specific objectives; enhance causal frameworks; streamline implementation processes; strengthen local capacity and engagement; integrate health and social services; focus on preventive care and health promotion; ensure financial security; promote research and evaluation; and adapt to changing socio-economic conditions. This study recommends investigating behavioral change strategies to promote long-term healthy living, financial planning, and active aging, drawing insights from successful international models. It also emphasizes examining the role of Thai cultural values in influencing policy adoption and the effectiveness of intergenerational support programs. Further evaluations of financial preparedness initiatives and longitudinal studies tracking health outcomes are suggested to identify gaps and areas for improvement in financial security and overall well-being. Additionally, a comparative analysis of aging policies across ASEAN countries, such as Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam, could provide valuable lessons for refining Thailand’s own aging policies.
Mechanisms to lifelong learning among instructors in Thai public universities : A critical realism mixed methods research
Zhao, Guoxiang; Ratiporn Teungfung (National Institute of Development Administration, 2024)
This research adopted the Critical Realism paradigm and utilized a mixed methods approach for a comprehensive analysis. The purposes of this research were: 1) To assess and describe the level of teachers’ epistemological beliefs and their lifelong learning competencies. 2) To examine whether teachers' epistemological beliefs significantly affect and predict lifelong learning competencies.3) To explore and clarify Thai society's underlying mechanisms of lifelong learning. The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to comprehensively examine the relationships between instructors’ epistemological beliefs and their lifelong learning competencies. The quantitative phase involved administering the Lifelong Learning Competencies Scale to instructors from 20 Thai public universities, representing diverse institutional types and categories. Multiple Regression Analysis was used to identify whether teachers’ epistemological beliefs significantly affected lifelong learning competencies. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with participants selected from various scoring groups in the quantitative survey, including both high and low scorers, as well as experts in lifelong learning. Using grounded theory, the qualitative analysis systematically identified, categorized, and explored underlying causal mechanisms, offering an in-depth understanding of the interactions and dynamics within the context of Thai higher education. This integrated approach ensures a nuanced and holistic exploration of the study's objectives. The quantitative findings revealed that instructors’ epistemological beliefs significantly influenced lifelong learning competencies, Belief in the authority of knowledge (DE = -0.514, p < 0.01) negatively impacted competencies by discouraging critical thinking and adaptability, reflecting cultural tendencies in Thai education that emphasized deference to authority. In contrast, belief in learning effort (DE = 0.393, p < 0.01) positively predicted lifelong learning, highlighting the role of effort-driven engagement in fostering self-directed learning. The qualitative findings revealed two key mechanisms with the strongest explanatory power for lifelong learning. First, Mechanism 2, "Authority Knowledge as a Barrier to Lifelong Learning," was supported by both qualitative and quantitative data, highlighting how epistemological beliefs and cultural norms constrained learning behaviors. Second, Mechanism 3, "Knowledge Sharing as a Driver for Lifelong Learning," demonstrated the transformative role of collaborative practices in strengthening individual agency and institutional adaptability. These mechanisms reflected the complex interplay of cultural, structural, and technological factors, underscoring the need to cultivate educational environments that promoted inquiry, inclusivity, and active engagement in lifelong learning. This research provided valuable insights for policymakers and administrators in higher education to design targeted support systems to enhance lifelong learning competencies among university instructors. It underscored the importance of addressing systemic barriers and fostering a supportive cultural and institutional environment to meet the challenges posed by rapid societal changes and sustainable development goals. The critical realist methodology proved particularly effective in addressing complex social phenomena, offering a comprehensive understanding of surface-level relationships and deeper causal mechanisms. The findings contributed to the theoretical understanding of lifelong learning and provided practical recommendations for advancing educational policies and practices in Thailand.
The application of Thailand’s soft power in international relations with the Lao people’s democratic republic
Aphimuk Sadomphruek; Somsak Samukkethum (National Institute of Development Administration, 2024)
In the contemporary era, military power has diminished in significance, while soft power, which emphasizes culture, education, and foreign policy, has gained increasing importance. Thailand possesses significant potential in terms of soft power, particularly in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), due to their strong historical and cultural ties. However, certain challenges must be examined to enhance its effectiveness. This research investigates Thailand’s application of soft power in Lao PDR through three primary dimensions: culture, foreign policy, and political values. The study employs Joseph S. Nye’s theoretical framework to analyze the processes, trends, and societal impacts of Thailand’s soft power through the perspectives of the people in Vientiane. The objectives of this study are threefold: 1) to examine the characteristics and role of Thailand’s soft power in Lao PDR, 2) to analyze the social impacts of the acceptance of Thailand’s soft power in Lao PDR, and 3) to propose strategies for developing and improving the effectiveness of Thailand’s soft power initiatives in Lao PDR. This qualitative research employs in-depth interviews with four key groups of informants: 1) Thai government agencies, 2) the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 3) Thai private sector representatives in Lao PDR, and 4) Lao citizens residing in Vientiane. Additionally, relevant documents and literature were analyzed. The findings reveal that Thailand’s soft power in Lao PDR is driven by three main sources: culture, foreign policy, and political values. These elements play a crucial role in strengthening the ties between the two nations and are widely disseminated through entertainment media, the Thai language, and Thai products, which enjoy widespread recognition. This dissemination positively impacts both cultural and economic dimensions. Furthermore, cooperative policies in infrastructure development, education, and international trade contribute to enhancing the strategic relations between Thailand and Lao PDR. However, Thailand’s soft power initiatives yield both positive and negative impacts. The positive effects include educational opportunities, economic development, and improved quality of life for Lao citizens. Conversely, concerns arise regarding excessive dependence on Thai culture, the potential erosion of Lao identity, and economic competition with other nations. To improve the effectiveness of Thailand’s soft power in Lao PDR, it is essential to strengthen cooperation with Lao governmental and private sector entities, adapt media content to suit the local context, and expand joint infrastructure and economic development projects, particularly in special economic zones. Thailand should pursue a balanced and contextually appropriate soft power strategy, emphasizing cultural collaboration, educational promotion, and sustainable economic development. Such efforts will help foster closer bilateral relations and create mutual benefits in the long term.
A study of car foreclosure crime problems in Bangkok
Watsaya Peukngam; Suvicha Pouaree (National Institute of Development Administration, 2024)
The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns, processes, and impacts of car foreclosure crimes in the Bangkok area. This study is qualitative in nature, utilizing a combination of secondary data obtained from document review and primary data collected through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with a variety of informants. The target groups for this study are categorized into six main groups: Group 1: Individuals who have legally pawned their vehicles (3 participants). Group 2: Legal vehicle pawnbrokers (2 participants). Group 3: Individuals who have illegally pawned their vehicles (3 participants). Group 4: Illegal vehicle pawnbrokers (2 participants). Group 5: Employees from vehicle finance companies (2 participants). Group 6: Government officials with relevant experience in car foreclosure crimes (3 participants). A total of 15 key informants were included in the study. Data analysis was performed using qualitative analysis methods, and the validity of the data was ensured through triangulation. The study found that there are two forms of vehicle pawning: legal and illegal vehicle pawning. The illegal vehicle pawning is driven by the urgent financial needs of individuals who often choose improper channels to resolve their problems. The network involved in car foreclosure crimes is interconnected among various groups of criminals, including vehicle pawnbrokers, sellers of foreclosed vehicles, and individuals involved in document and vehicle registration forgery. This indicates the existence of several forms of criminal activities, such as vehicle registration forgery, vehicle parting for sale, and the use of vehicles in illegal activities, such as the transportation of illicit goods. The forgery of vehicle information and related documents makes it difficult for authorities to verify and apprehend offenders, which is a major cause of the persistence and rapid expansion of this issue in society. The impacts of car foreclosure crimes are both economic and social. Particularly, the confidence in the used car market has decreased due to the risks associated with purchasing vehicles with forged documents. Additionally, the consumers who unknowingly purchase foreclosed vehicles are unable to verify the vehicle's origin, leading to financial loss with no means of pursuing legal action against the offenders. Furthermore, this issue also negatively affects the overall financial stability of the country. The recommendations from this study are as follows: It is necessary to develop laws to prevent and address the problem of the illegal sale of foreclosed vehicles and to regulate vehicle pawning more effectively. Additionally, public awareness campaigns should be promoted to prevent and reduce the illegal sale of foreclosed vehicles. Collaboration between the public and private sectors should be encouraged to monitor and prevent crimes related to vehicles. Moreover, further research is needed on the social and economic impacts of the illegal sale of foreclosed vehicles, as well as on ways to prevent and resolve these issues using new technologies. A comparative study of car foreclosure crimes in different regions should also be conducted to identify causes and effective solutions.
Strengthening transnational community through social and cultural empowerment: a case study of second generation Thai American descendants
Ploy Umpornpet; Suvicha Pouaree (National Institute of Development Administration, 2024)
Strengthening transnational communities through social and cultural empowerment involves focusing on the decision-making process. Different social and cultural factors are considered when it comes to strengthening the Thai community in Southern California. In this study, the focus is on the exploration and analysis of the underlying factors upon another aspect of community development, but in the dimension of an ethnic community formed by people who live outside of their native families and their heredity, Second Generation, and the latter Descendants. An exploration of the social and cultural empowerment factors creates a foundation for the determination of the ideal strategies to strengthen the Thai community. This research has explored various social and cultural empowerment factors that strengthen the Thai community, focusing on three research objectives: 1. To understand a process of strengthening communities through social and cultural empowerment for transnational communities; 2. To learn and report the underlying factors of motivational drive for community strengthening from the viewpoint of second generation descendants, as well as to report problems, limitations, and suggestions for future study; 3. To propose an empowerment model path through social and cultural dimensions deemed effective for transnational community development. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, relying on an in-depth interview with the ten key informants as the primary source of data collection. To ensure the validity of the findings, a triangulation technique was employed for data verification. The data underwent thematic analysis to align with the study's objectives, facilitating the interpretation of patterns and themes throughout the data. This approach enabled the identification of significant factors and insights related to the research objectives and the underlying elements involved. Based on the information gathered from ten key informants, we determined how social and cultural empowerment contributes to strengthening the Thai community in response to the first research question. The three significant ways identified are 1. Activities of the Second Generation Thai American Descendants, 2. Roles of the First Generation, and 3. Involvement in Community Leadership. Regarding the second research question, which focuses on the leading social and cultural empowerment factors that strengthen the Thai community through Second Generation Thai American Descendants, the research identified five key factors: 1. Enhanced diversity and inclusivity, 2. Improved access to education and training, 3. Gender equality, 4. Community engagement, and 5. Technology integration. It is important to focus on effectively managing social and cultural empowerment factors to ensure success. With respect to the implications, some recommendations can be considered, such as the promotion of inclusive education, strengthening the existing institutional and legal Frameworks, and investing wisely in digital infrastructure and technology integration to ensure there is equitability when it comes to technology access. The study further finds that the First generation provides a foundation for the second generation to understand the relevant social and cultural factors to strengthen their communities globally. Future research should also focus on the role of social networks and community support in strengthening transnational communities through social and cultural empowerment.
ความไวและความพร้อมตอบสนองความต้องการทางจิตสังคมของผู้ให้บริการดูแลผู้สูงวัย : ทฤษฎีของ Maslow เพื่อการสร้างและการประเมินการใช้แบบวัด
ปุณญรัสธิ์ ต่อไพบูลย์; ดวงเดือน พันธุมนาวิน (สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2024)
สังคมทั่วโลกรวมทั้งประเทศไทยได้เข้าสู่การมีประชากรสูงวัยที่อายุมากกว่า 60 ปี ในสัดส่วนที่มากกว่า 20% ของประชากรทั้งหมด จึงทำให้เกิดความต้องการบุคลากรที่จะทำหน้าที่ช่วยดูแลผู้สูงวัยให้มีคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดี แต่อย่างไรก็ตามปัญหาทางสังคมเกี่ยวกับผู้สูงวัยโดยเฉพาะปัญหาด้านการ กระทำต่อผู้สูงวัยที่รุนแรง ขาดความเคารพ หรือไม่ถูกกาลเทศะ ซึ่งอาจทำให้ผู้สูงวัยถูกทำร้ายทั้งร่างกายและจิตใจ จนทำให้เกิดความรู้สึกว่าตนเองด้อยค่าและมีสุขภาพจิตที่ไม่ดีได้ ดังนั้นการคัดกรองหรือประเมินบุคลากรที่จะต้องทำหน้าที่ดูแลผู้สูงวัย นอกจากควรจะต้องวัดความรู้ความสามารถในการดูแลด้านการดูแลและพยาบาลผู้สูงวัยแล้ว ยังควรวัดคุณลักษณะที่พึงประสงค์ของความเป็นผู้ดูแลโดยเฉพาะด้านการมีความเอื้ออาทรและเข้าใจผู้สูงวัยด้วย จึงจะทำให้การดูแลและส่งเสริมผู้สูงวัยแบบองค์รวมมีประสิทธิภาพยิ่งขึ้น ซึ่งแบบวัดเหล่านี้ยังมีไม่มากนัก การสร้างแบบวัดคุณลักษณะเหล่านี้บนพื้นฐานทฤษฎีทางจิตวิทยาเพื่อคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดีของผู้สูงวัย จึงเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นเร่งด่วนในวงวิชาการและการปฏิบัติทั้งในประเทศไทยและต่างประเทศ งานวิจัยนี้เป็นงานวิจัยเพื่อสร้างและประเมินเครื่องมือวัดทางจิตลักษณะจำนวนสองแบบวัดโดยมีพื้นฐานมาจากทฤษฎีลำดับขั้นความต้องการของ Maslow ได้แก่ 1) แบบวัดความตั้งใจดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทร สร้างตามความต้องการขั้นที่ 2 (Safety and Security Needs) และ 2) แบบวัดความไวรับรู้ความต้องการในผู้สูงวัย สร้างตามความต้องการขั้นที่ 3 (Love and Belonging Needs) และขั้น 4 (Esteem Needs) กลุ่มตัวอย่างรวมทั้งสิ้น 975 คน แบ่งเป็น 2 กลุ่ม ได้แก่ กลุ่มแรก เป็นนักศึกษาพยาบาลชั้นปีที่ 2 และชั้นปี 3 ในสังกัดมหาวิทยาลัยของรัฐและเอกชน หรือ มหาวิทยาลัยในกำกับของรัฐ จำนวน 6 มหาวิทยาลัย จำนวน 804 คน ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลในขั้นการทดสอบคุณภาพรายข้อ การวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบเชิงสำรวจและเชิงยืนยัน และกลุ่มที่สอง เป็นผู้ให้บริการดูแลผู้สูงอายุที่ทำงานในศูนย์ดูแลผู้สูงอายุ จำนวน 171 คน ใช้วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลในขั้นการประเมินความตรงของแบบวัด ผลการวิจัยปรากฏว่า ประการแรก แบบวัดความตั้งใจดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทร มี 4 องค์ประกอบ ๆ ละ 3 ข้อ ได้แก่ 1) ความตั้งใจดูแลแบบไม่ก้าวร้าวไม่เอาเปรียบ 2) ความตั้งใจดูแลแบบไม่ทำร้ายจิตใจ และ 3) ความตั้งใจดูแลความปลอดภัยล่วงหน้า และ 4) ความตั้งใจดูแลแบบไม่ยกตนข่มท่าน รวมทั้งสิ้น 12 ข้อ สามารถอธิบายความแปรปรวนได้ 59.484 % ผลการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบเชิงยืนยันปรากฏความกลมกลืนของโมเดลกับข้อมูลเชิงประจักษ์ ค่าความเที่ยงของคะแนนของแบบวัดนี้ในกลุ่มผู้ให้บริการดูแลผู้สูงวัย มีดังนี้ 1) Cronbach’ s α = 0.876 2) McDonald’ s ω = 0.882 และ 3) Greatest Lower Bound= 0.944 เมื่อทดสอบความตรงของแบบวัด ปราฏว่า 1) ตัวแปรนี้มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทร (r =0.663, p<.01) และ 2) สามารถทำนายพฤติกรรมการดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทรเพิ่มเติมจากตัวแปรจิตลักษณะ 5 ตัวแปร ได้อีก 6.70% อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ประการที่สอง แบบวัดความไวรับรู้ความต้องการในผู้สูงวัย มี 3 องค์ประกอบ ได้แก่ 1) ความไวต่อการต้องการการมีเกียรติ (ขั้น 4) จำนวน 4 ข้อ 2) ความไวต่อการต้องการ การเคารพและศักดิ์ศรี (ขั้น 4) จำนวน 3 ข้อ และ 3) ความไวต่อความรักและเอื้ออาทร (ขั้น 3) จำนวน 3 ข้อ รวมทั้งสิ้น 10 ข้อ สามารถอธิบายความแปรปรวนได้ 52.178 % ผลการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลยังแสดงให้เห็นว่า อาจให้ความหมายองค์ประกอบออกเป็น 2 ประการได้อีกด้วย คือ 1) ความไวต่อการประเมินการปฏิบัติของผู้ดูแลผู้สูงวัยว่า การปฏิบัติของตนจะมีผลต่อความต้องการของผู้สูงวัยอย่างไร (คิดก่อนทำ) และ2) ความไวในการรับรู้ความต้องการของผู้สูงวัยที่เป็นปฏิสัมพันธ์จากการปฏิบัติของตน (ทำแล้วประเมินผล) ผลการวิเคราะห์องค์ประกอบเชิงยืนยังปรากฏความกลมกลืนของโมเดลกับข้อมูลเชิงประจักษ์ ค่าความเที่ยงของคะแนนของแบบวัดนี้ในกลุ่มผู้ให้บริการดูแลผู้สูงวัย มีดังนี้ 1) Cronbach’ s α = 0.681 2) McDonald’ s ω = 0.637 และ 3) Greatest Lower Bound = 0.785 เมื่อทดสอบความตรงของแบบวัด ปราฏว่า 1) ตัวแปรนี้มีความสัมพันธ์กับพฤติกรรมการดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทร (r =0.594, p<.01) และ 2) สามารถทำนายพฤติกรรมการดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทรเพิ่มเติมจากตัวแปรจิตลักษณะ 5 ตัวแปร ได้อีก 3.60% อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ แบบวัดทั้งสองชุดที่สร้างใหม่นี้สามารถนำไปใช้เป็นแนวทางในการคัดเลือกและประเมินผลบุคลากรที่จะทำหน้าที่ดูแลรักษาพยาบาลผู้สูงวัยในสถานที่ต่าง ๆ ได้ รวมทั้งสามารถนำไปใช้ทำวิจัยต่อยอดเพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยเชิงเหตุทางจิตสังคมของความตั้งใจดูแลอย่างเอื้ออาทรและความไวรับรู้ความต้องการของผู้สูงวัยส่วนข้อเสนอแนะในการวิจัยเครื่องมือวัด เช่น การเสนอทำการวิเคราะห์ความไม่แปรปรวนของโมเดลการวัด การเสนอปรับปรากฏการณ์หรือบริบทในแต่ละองค์ประกอบให้ชัดเจนและกว้างขวางมากยิ่งขึ้น เป็นต้น
The critical discourse analysis of the political movement of the student and the people (2020)
Orraya Anukul; Phichai Ratnatilaka na Bhuket (National Institute of Development Administration, 2024)
The political protests of 2020 are considered a phenomenon that must be recorded in Thailand’s history. They presented the root causes of the problems through straightforward political language and profoundly impacted Thai society. As the holders of sovereignty, it made the people reflect on and scrutinize the various problems occurring in Thailand. The critical discourse analysis of the political movement of the student and the people (2020) aims to explore the relationship between linguistic and social dimensions. This study investigates political discourse for counter-hegemony through Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional analytical framework: 1) Text, 2) Discursive Practice, and 3) Socio-cultural Practice. The analysis is conducted on the text of 10 core leaders who participated in various activities such as speeches, interviews with the media, television appearances, participation in academic seminars, and participation in clarifications at meetings of the House of Representatives. The analysis revealed ten alternative discourses: 1) The discourse on reforming the monarchy, 2) The discourse on demanding rights and liberty, 3) The discourse on amending the constitution, 4) The discourse on the exercise of state power, 5) The political system discourse, 6) The discourse on advocating democracy, 7) The discourse of Justice and injustice, 8) The discourse of threats, 9) The discourse of fighting for ideology, and 10) The discourse of social inequality. These discourses reveal embedded political ideologies within the texts from the protesters, namely “liberal democracy” and the groups holding state power, and those opposing protest movements, namely “monarchist conservatism” and “authoritarian conservatism.” The study provides an understanding of the political landscape since the post-coup era of 2014, which is one of the causes of the problem’s formation. Coupled with social, political, and economic issues, it has led to flash mob protests spreading nationwide. Political discourse is a form of ideological representation through language and is a crucial tool in the struggle. However, Fairclough’s framework of Critical Discourse Analysis can be developed as a conceptual framework for studying various social and political phenomena. This allows understanding dominant ideas or discourses to foster awareness and reduce the risk of being dominated. Moreover, it involves searching for alternative discourses for groups under injustice or inequality to fight for hegemony and lead to social change.
Cooperation on differences from the adaptation on cultural diversity a case study of Yuan Community, Ton Tan Sub-District, Sao Hai District, Saraburi Province
Duangkamon Wetchawong; Nareenoot Damrongchai (National Institute of Development Administration, 2023)
The purposes of this research study are 1) to study the conflicts caused by the coexistence on the cultural diversity of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict, 2) to study the adaptation process of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict to create cooperation on differences among groups, 3) to examine the cooperation arising from the adaptation of Yuan people and people of other cultures, 4) to investigate the problems and obstacles in the adaptation to create unity on differences among groups of people, 5) to seek suggestions for the adaptation to create cooperation on differences among groups of people for societies or communities that face the problems of coexistence on the cultural diversity and want to create cooperation. The qualitative research method was employed. The target group included Yuan people in Ton Tan Sub-district, Sao Hai District, Saraburi Province, and 40 key informants were selected by a purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by two methods, namely 1) document research and 2) field research focusing on in-depth interviews with the key informants using interview guideline, participant and non- participant observation. Data were analysed by descriptive interpretation to understand the phenomenon according to the perspectives of the people in such culture, along with the use of logical reasoning. The findings can be presented as follows. 1) The conflicts caused by the coexistence on the cultural diversity of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict were divided into two aspects: 1.1) unclear conflict or prejudice in differences, including the problem of ethnic disrespect from having different ethnic identities and 1.2) disagreements or rejection of differences, including the problem of expression of actions different from each other in a contradictory way in concepts or forms of presenting ethnic identity through social spaces. 2) The adaptation process of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict to create cooperation on differences among groups included two cases based on the conflicts and expressed behavioural adaptation, namely 2.1) the adaptation due to unclear conflict or prejudice in differences from other groups of people and 2.2) the adaptation due to disagreements or rejection in differences from other groups of people. There were two characteristics of adaptation processes with four stages and four approaches as follows. 2.1) The adaptation due to unclear conflict consisted of four steps and two approaches. The four steps consisted of (1) identifying issues, (2) brainstorming solutions, (3) choosing the best option which involved two approaches: (3.1.) creating impression on other groups and (3.2) creating confidence in other groups, and (4) implementing the decided option. 2.2) The adaptation due to disagreements consisted of two characteristics of adaptation processes with four steps and four approaches. The first characteristics focused on negotiation or adaptation process after the problem occurred, which was composed of four steps: (1) identifying issues, (2) brainstorming solutions, (3) choosing the best option which involved one approach: (3.1) negotiation based on the shared important principles, and (4) implementing the decided option. The second characteristics focused on actions or the adaptation process after the previous approaches failed. It consisted of three steps, namely (1) brainstorming solutions, (2) choosing the best option which involved four approaches: (2.1) creating impression and interestingness in differences, (2.2) creating trust in relevant people with differences, (2.3) creating confidence in quality and benefits of differences, (2.4) negotiation based on the shared important principles, and (3) implementing the decided option. 3) The cooperation arising from the adaptation of Yuan people and people of other cultures consisted of two types, namely 3.1) the social groups with two sub-types, namely (1) occupational groups and (2) conservative groups, and 3.2) the non-social groups with two sub-types, namely (1) cultural cooperation networks and (2) using cultural identities to generate income. 4) There were two problems and four obstacles in the adaptation to create cooperation on differences among groups of people, namely (1) stagnation and loss of certain ethnic identities and (2) lack of ethnic awareness and identities which were clear and strong in the beginning. In addition, four obstacles were identified, namely (1) adherence to original beliefs, (2) lack of new-generation village sages or cultural experts, (.3) lack of educational personnel in the community educational institutions to cooperate in cultural work, and (4) participation in thinking and making decisions from a large number of stakeholders. 5) Six suggestions for the adaptation to create cooperation on differences among groups of people were as follows. (1) The societies or communities dealing with conflicts should create a sincere, trustworthy and relaxing environment in the relationship between the parties, which should be done before the negotiation. (2) Positively changing people’s behaviours should be promoted rather than verbal expression or negotiation. (3) When expressing opinions and deciding on solutions to solve problems, it should be specific to the individual with knowledge and expertise about problems and solutions to reduce the time in operation. (4) Past valuable experiences gained without direct experience can be proposed to a social space to create acceptance and cooperation among parties. (5) Creating a sincere and trustworthy environment is important to creating cooperation, and it should be constant and continuous. (6) Creating historical stories that indicate fraternity is an integrative mechanism to promote good relationships and unity between the parties.
Public Speeches of the People's Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) leader: the critical discourse analysis on social conflict
Noppajakkr Sondhinera; Phichai Rattanatilaka Na Bhuket (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
The purpose of the research is to study the discourse of the People’s Democratic Reform Committee leader, Suthep Thuagsuban’s public speaking from 2013- 2014 by using critical discourse analysis. 94 videos are selectively collected according to the triangulation technique for the document data. Research findings show numerous discourses been used during the six-month-long protest; each is developed specifically for the cause. To see the development of discourses and surrounding contexts, researcher divided the duration of protest to 3 periods; the initiative period, the peak period, and the maintain period. First, the initiative period was the boosted start of the anti- graft amnesty bill protest which took place from October to the end of November 2013. It was positive that political purpose of the anti-graft amnesty bill protest was changed once it became the People’s Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) which was to eradicate Thaksin Shinawatra and his influence over Thai politics. Thus, the major discourse found in this period was “Thaksin Regime. ” Discourse of Thaksin Regime had constructed social reality about the corrupted system in the contemporary Thai politics, including corruption, bureaucratic system abuse. Surrounding context was the conflict of the corruption cases by Thaksin Shinawatra and his sister Yingluck Shinawatra’ s government which was a sequence of political corruptions. And Yingluck Shinawatra tried to make legitimacy laundry for her brother by passing the graft amnesty bill and another general election. Another discourse was called “ allegiance to Thai Monarch” which helped identifying the PDRC movement as a protest of the good people of Thailand. Allegiance to Thai Monarch also gave the protest the moral support and a mutual purpose of devotion. Second, the peak period was happened after the PDRC grew in number, over million people had joined the protest. With its strategic movement, Bangkok Shutdown ( divided to 13 rally sites), being platform for rice farmer protest and other political events, PDRC had successfully made a hard time for Yingluck Shinawatra’ s Administration. Once, PDRC gained much political pressure, it became a target from the government and government’ s supporting crowd, the Red- Shirt. Suthep Thuagsuban as the PDRC leader was being defamed in attempt to dismiss the protest. This surrounding context made discourse of “Uncle Headman” emerged to construct body-image of a good leader. It was consisted of a story of Suthep Thuagsuban since he was a Headman from Surat Thani whose dream was to be people’s representative, until he had become one of the most powerful political figures of Thai politics. Yet, he willingly gave up his title to lead the protest of PDRC, so the prominent politician became a people’s uncle headman, and the medium (host body of the collective mind), and the holy monk who kept his ordain to preserve the good and righteousness of the protest. Apart from Uncle Headman, there was a discourse of “ peaceful protest” because the surrounding context was full of violence done onto the PDRC by the government’s extremist supporters. Lastly, the maintain period which was marked when all PDRC rally sites had retreated to its last precinct, Lumpini Park for security and changes in its movement. By limiting its activities and sites, PDRC could pursue its goal of reforms. While Yingluck Shinawatra’s government had been exhausted from countering the protest, many conflicts had been concluded by the courts. It was an opportunity for PDRC to hammer at the government with all its strength. But it was a time for the extremist supporters of Yingluck Shinawatra desperately resorted an absurd idea of dividing the Kingdom. So, in this period there were various discourses, including reform, bureaucratic friends to secure the connection between the protest and the bureaucrats, soldiers, and polices. In this period, the evolving uncle headman and allegiance to Thai Monarch had played their part to strengthen the cause and common purpose of patriotism against an idea of dividing Kingdom.
การปรับตัวของคนจนเมืองในกรุงเทพมหานครเพื่อความมั่นคงในการดำรงชีพภายใต้ภาวะวิกฤตโควิด 19
วัลย์ลิกา ลิ้มสุวรรณ; อาแว มะแส (สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2023)
การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาสภาพความเปราะบางที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อความยากจนและความเสี่ยงในการดำรงชีพรวมถึงการปรับตัวตลอดจนแนวทางการสร้างความมั่นคงในการดำรงชีพในภาวะวิฤตโควิด 19 ของครัวเรือนยากจนในชุมชนแออัด กรุงเทพมหานคร การดำเนินการวิจัยเป็นไปตามระเบียบวิธีวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ด้วยการลงพื้นที่ภาคสนามเพื่อรวบรวมข้อมูลในชุมชนแออัด จำนวน 2 แห่งที่เลือกมาแบบเจาะจง คือ 1) ชุมชนริมคลองพระยาราชมนตรี เขตบางบอน ซึ่งตั้งอยู่บริเวณชานเมือง และ 2) ชุมชนวัดช่องลม เขตยานนาวา ซึ่งตั้งอยู่ย่านใจกลางกรุงของกรุงเทพมหานคร การรวบรวมข้อมูลใช้วิธีการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกเป็นหลัก เสริมด้วยการสังเกตและการสนทนากลุ่ม เครื่องมือในการวิจัยประกอบด้วยแบบสำรวจทรัพย์สินที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการดำรงชีพ แนวคำถามสำหรับการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก แบบบันทึกการสังเกต และแบบบันทึกการสนทนากลุ่ม ผลการศึกษาพบว่าครัวเรือนยากจนในชุมชนแออัดส่วนมากมีทรัพย์สินที่จำเป็นต่อการดำรงชีพอย่างน้อย 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ ทรัพย์สินมนุษย์ ทรัพย์สินทางกายภาพ และทรัพย์สินทางการเงิน ซึ่งเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่ช่วยให้ครัวเรือนยากจนสามารถปรับตัวและดำรงชีพอยู่รอดภายใต้ภาวะวิกฤตโควิด 19 ด้วยการรับมือและปรับตัวบนพื้นฐานของทรัพย์สินที่มีอยู่หรือสามารถเข้าถึง ด้วยการแปลงทรัพย์สินต่าง ๆ ไปเป็นทุนในการดำรงชีพ อีกทั้งยังสามารถฟื้นคืนสู่สภาพเดิมได้ด้วยการประยุกต์ใช้ทุนที่มีอยู่ให้เกิดประโยชน์สูงสุด เสริมด้วยการสนับสนุนจากทุนทางสังคม โดยสามารถบูรณาการความร่วมมือในรูปแบบเครือข่ายประชาสังคมและการพึ่งพาญาติพี่น้องซึ่งส่วนมากอาศัยอยู่ในชุมชนอื่น ๆ นอกกรุงเทพมหานคร เมื่อเปรียบเทียบระหว่างชุมชนพบความแตกต่างบ้างระหว่างทรัพย์สินที่มีหรือเข้าถึง และระดับการปรับตัวของสมาชิกชุมชนในภาพรวม โดยเกี่ยวข้องกับความแตกต่างของทรัพย์สินและแรงกระตุ้นให้มีการตื่นตัวเพื่อวางแผนในการรับมือกับภัยพิบัติในอนาคต ข้อเสนอแนะเชิงนโยบายจึงควรส่งเสริมให้เกิดความเข้มแข็งของทุนทางสังคมในรูปแบบเครือข่ายทางสังคมที่มุ่งเน้นการร่วมมือกันช่วยเหลือบรรเทาทุกข์และดำเนินการอย่างต่อเนื่องเพื่อยกระดับการดำรงชีพภายหลังภาวะวิกฤต จะสร้างพลังขับเคลื่อนสังคมให้พัฒนาไปได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเป็นรูปธรรมต่อไป
Network learning process for smart farmer's self development
Pannika Ngamcharoen; Li, Renliang (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
Network Learning is an essential and necessary factor to agricultural sections’ development since learning process which all community members can participate would bring to strengthen agriculturists by applying learning attitudes and experiences of network members to develop their learning process. This research article aims to: 1) Study learning process through agriculturists’ learning network in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, who aim to transform themselves into intelligent agriculturists. 2) To study the problems and obstacles in the learning process through the network of farmers to develop themselves to be smart agriculture in Pak Chong District Nakhon Ratchasima Province 3) To use the information obtained to develop the learning process from an appropriate network of farmers in Pak Chong District Nakhon Ratchasima Province Data collection in the learning process through agriculturists network from 3 sample groups; organic vegetable farm owner group, local governor group, and related local academic institute staff group, by using structural deep interview with an observation from qualitative research methods. The results showed that: 1) Learning process through agriculturist network initiated from occurrence of individual problems or requirement of self-development of members in network; secondly, exchanging problems among network members; thirdly, establishing space for exchanging knowledge and concluding lessons learned to operate altogether; fourthly, evaluation and adjusting; fifthly, a continuation of activities and expansion of cooperation region to build relationship and pursue for more explicit knowledge. 2) Problems and obstacles found were intermittence of activities; gathering and consulting happened only when issues, such as pest problem, occurred, the solution would be operated sluggishly. 3) Appropriate process development is to promote learning to occur at the individual level. At the community level, there should be activities that encourage ties with the network. In the network, cooperation between the networks should be promoted. Besides, the issue of overlapped work from government and lack of continuous coordination among organization caused the discontinuous giving knowledge accordingly. Consequently, to establish the highest advantages in learning for agriculturists, government holds the key role to promote and support local level activities exceedingly. For proper solution would be integration and coordination in all sections such as public and academic sector including cooperation of agriculturist group, as the results from learning among network group can be adapted and create more explicit knowledge to improve the quality of life of agriculturists which lead to the stability of life, the abundance of economic and elevate the quality of agriculture itself as well.
Genealogy of Thai cultural policy
Kanjana Laochockchaikul; Phichai Ratnatilaka na Bhuket (National Institute of Development Administration, 2023)
The study of Thailand cultural policy is qualitative research using methodology based on genealogy to review “cultural policy” of Thailand. The objectives of this study are 1. to study and analyze Thailand cultural policy of each period in discourse perspective and related context and 2. to analyze practices and situations that cultural policies express themselves to show the connection between the content of Thailand cultural policy, practices and related strategies and the results of cultural policy. The study was indicated that Thailand cultural policy in the era of Plaek Phibunsongkhram (P. Phibunsongkhram) was considered the first period of using “culture” to drive into policy which was important national agenda under “Nation-building Culture” discourse. During the era of Field Marshal P. Phibunsongkhram, this discourse had become secured and had long been sealing at basic consumption level in Thai society before entering the era of Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat who built “Good traditional culture” discourse to significantly emphasize once again against social and political context. This resulted in the development guidelines that held on to “Good traditional culture” discourse remain in long development agenda which mainly gave priority to national culture until modern economic development. This was considered main challenge against cultural policy as seen in modern Thailand cultural policy under “Cultural Capital” discourse which placed development goals to accord with modern economic development.
Nomological model of study-life balance and sustainable success in undergraduate students
Krisana Chotratanakamol; Duchduen Bhanthumnavin (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
The pursuit of study-life balance is a vital determinant of students overall success and well-being in academic and personal domains. However, there is still limited research in Thailand. This research was a nomological network study with aims to: 1) investigate crucial predictors and predictive percentage of psychological characteristics, situational factors, and psychological states related to the study-life balance of undergraduate students. 2) investigate crucial predictors and predictive percentage of psychological states and study-life balance related to the sustainable success of the students. 3) investigate direct and indirect effects of psychological characteristics and situational factors on study-life balance and the sustainable success of the students, and 4) identify characteristics of students with low study-life balance (the at-risk group) and protective factors that promote study-life balance in the students. The multi-stage sampling method was used, and the samples consisted of 597 undergraduate students from the second and third years of four public universities in Thailand. The sample included 174 males (29.20%) and 422 females (70.80%), with an average age of 20 years and 3 months. Among the participants, 150 were working while studying (25.10%) and 447 were non-working students (74.90%). The data were analyzed in total sample group and 25 subgroups, categorized according to demographic characteristics. Multiple regression analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and three-way analysis of variance were applied to test the hypotheses. The interactionism model was adopted to form the conceptual model of this study. There were 6 groups of variables as follows; 1) Psychological traits variables (self-regulation, core self-evaluation, and psychology immunity), 2) Situational factors variables (perceived support opportunity from others, academic demands, and university inculcating experience), 3) Psychological states variables (favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation, creative problem-solving, and proactive personality), 4) Study life balance variables (study-life conflict reduction and study-life enrichment), 5) Sustainable success variables (academic success, life satisfaction, and health and wellness), and 6) Background characteristics variables. Most of the measures in this study were in the form of summated rating method with 6-point rating scale. The range of score reliability was between .70 to .86. Multiple regression analysis showed important findings as follows: Firstly, regarding the psychological traits and the perceived situation variables (Set 3), there were 6 variables that could predict the psychological states: 1) favorable attitudes toward adjustment and Innovation for 57.72% in total sample. The important predictors were perceived support opportunity from others (β=.34), psychological immunity (β=.30), and self-regulation (β=.22), respectively, 2) creative problem solving for 66.61% in total sample. The important predictors were self-regulation (β=.26), perceived support opportunity from others (β=.21), core self-evaluation (β=.19), university inculcating experience (β=.16), and psychological immunity (β=.16), and 3) proactive personality for 77.03% in total sample. The important predictors were psychological immunity (β=.32), core self-evaluation (β=.22), perceived support opportunity from others (β=.21), self-regulation (β=.18), academic demands (β=-.14), and university inculcating experience (β=.11). Overall, the results were found to support hypothesis 1 only in subgroups of each dependent variables. Secondly, the 9 predictors from the psychological traits, situational factors, and psychological states (Set 5) could predicted the study-life balance behavior as follows: 1) study-life conflict reduction for 72.11% in total sample. The important predictors were perceived support opportunity from others (β=.21), favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation (β=.20), psychological immunity (β=.19), core self-evaluation (β=.18), proactive personality (β=.13), creative problem solving (β=.13), and self-regulation (β=-.08), 2) study-life enrichment for 69.74% in total sample. The important predictors in descending order were perceived support opportunity from others (β= .47), creative problem solving (β=.35), and university inculcating experience (β=.10). Overall, the data analysis on study-life balance that supported hypothesis 2 was only found in subgroups. Thirdly, the 11 predictors (Set 7) in this study, including variables in psychological traits, situational factors, psychological states, and study-life balance, could predicted the outcome variables as follows: 1) academic success for 79.28% in total sample. The important were proactive personality (β=.34), creative problem solving (β=.19), core self-evaluation (β=.16), favorable attitudes toward adjustment and Innovation (β=.15), study-life conflict reduction (β=-.12), self-regulation (β=.10), study-life enrichment (β=.10), university inculcating experience (β=.09) and academic demands (β=.07), 2) life satisfaction for 69.35% in total sample. The important predictors were perceived support opportunity from others (β=.37), core self-evaluation (β=.34), study-life enrichment (β=.19), and university inculcating experience (β=.11), 3) health and wellness for 67.98% in total sample. The important predictors in descending order were core self-evaluation (β=.69), proactive personality (β=-.22), creative problem-solving (β=.13), perceived support opportunity from others (β=.13), academic demands (β=.12), study-life enrichment (β=.10), favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation (β=-.10), university inculcating experience (β=.07). The results of data analysis on sustainable success did not support hypothesis 3, in both total group and subgroups. Fourthly, the results from path analysis modeling indicated the model fit for the adjusted model (x2 = 39.086; df = 27; p-value = 0.0622; RMSEA = 0.027; CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.050). The results supported hypothesis 4 based on the interactionism model. Psychological traits and situational latent variables had direct influence on study-life balance latent variable and indirect influence through the psychological states latent variable, which could explain the behavior latent variable (R2=96.8%). Study-life balance latent variable and psychological states latent variable had direct influence on sustainable success and indirect influence through study-life balance latent variable, which could explain the sustainable success latent variable (R2= 94.8%.) In addition, there were additional direct effects from psychological trait latent variable to situational latent variables (R2= 97.4%). Finally, characteristics of the at-risk group who showed lower study-life balance were described as follows: 1) low GPA students, 2) non-working students, 3) science and technology, junior students 4) junior students, 5) low-income students, 6) science and technology students, 7) high GPA, low-income students, 8) low GPA, high-income students, 9) sophomore humanities and social science students, and 10) junior business administration students. Moreover, the critical preventive factors of these at-risk groups of students were perceived support opportunity from others, creative problem solving, university inculcating experience, psychological immunity, and favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation. Based on the findings of the present study, the interactionism model and nomological network were considered as valuable tools for understanding human behavior. The findings highlighted the importance of proactive personality in achieving study-life balance for students and emphasized the need to foster individuals with lower levels of study-life balance. Additionally, psychological immunity and social support were also identified as important factors. To improve essential study-life balance skills for Thai university students, it is recommended to enhance these factors through general education courses, class activities, and training interventions.
New media disruption: a case study of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand
Zhao, Jingnan; Li, Renliang (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
For over 100 years, Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand have played a unique role in the Chinese community and in Thailand-China international communication. Rapidly expanding internet usage has disrupted how news is produced, delivered, and consumed; however, presenting Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand with many challenges in the digital era. This study aims to 1) review the history of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand, 2) investigate the challenges and opportunities of the Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand facing new media disruption, and 3) recommend strategies for the continued development of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand. Data collection involved both macro-and micro-level analysis of interviews and direct observation. A case study of Sing Sian Yer Pao is presented, as well as the results of a qualitative research study conducted within 30 Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand stakeholders as participants, with data collected through secondary data analysis, in-depth interviews, and group discussion. The collected data was analyzed through Lasswell’s communication model and SWOT. The research result found that: 1) The history of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand can be divided into seven general periods: beginning, growth, development, setback, golden age, depression, and stable period. There are currently six major Chinese-language daily newspapers, namely Sing Sian Yer Pao, The Universal Daily News, Tong Hua Daily News, The New Chinese Daily News, Kia Hua Tong Nguan, and Asia News Time. The development of Chinese-language newspapers over the past several years corresponds with trends in Thailand’s media and the Thailand-China international relationship. 2) The Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand face considerable challenges in the face of new media disruption. The most prominent problems are the lack of new talent and insufficient financial support, which have significantly restricted the transformation of the Chinese-language newspaper industry in Thailand into a melted media enterprise. Secondly, due to their longstanding customary management models, it is tough to reform the internal management of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand. This study’s findings show that although Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand play an essential role in communication and can significantly contribute to all areas of the Chinese community’s development in Thailand, their potential remains vastly untapped due to certain obstacles. The Chinese-language newspaper industry in Thailand could benefit from a development program. 3) To apply the study results, Chinese-language newspapers should develop their human resources and expand their user base with accurate customer targeting, improved content production, and other strategies that help foster competitive advantages and customer satisfaction.
A whistleblowing in Thalland's bureaucracy
Sawai Seesai; Somsak Samukkethum (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
Corruption is a complicated social, political, and economic phenomenon that occurs on a large scale and affects the whole society. The phenomenon undermines democracy, the justice system, human rights, market mechanisms, economic potentiality, and people life’s quality, and causes other negative impacts on human security. Corruption occurs in all countries and is considered one of the most severe problems; there is no sign for the problem to deplete but more and more severe and complicated. All the countries around the world have been trying to establish policies and measures to prevent and eliminate corruption, such as increasing compensation for a government official, decreasing the state’s organization, creating financial transparency, developing the media’s freedom, strengthening a justice system, etc. Among these policies and mechanisms, whistleblowing is one of the tools to fight corruption and promote good governance, responsibility, and transparency and is deemed one of the most effective mechanisms to fight corruption. However, in Thailand, there are limited studies on whistleblowing and is found in limited contexts. The body of knowledge on whistleblowing in Thailand’s context does not reflect existing and ongoing corruption. The development of mechanisms or systems to support whistleblowing should be based on an understanding of the phenomenon in the Thailand context. This study aims to study corruption and whistleblowing to understand conditions that facilitate or prevent whistleblowing as well as propose the concept to develop a supportive and promotion system of whistleblowing in the future. The study found that the state’s policies do not facilitate or promote whistleblowing in the bureaucratic system. The government’s personnel feel unsure that the government would value the prevention and elimination of corruption. The government does not have a specific mechanism for whistleblowing and there is no exact data about existing whistleblowing. The whistleblowing case is treated as other types of complaints. The whistleblower and the witness feel insecure about government support, organization justice, acceptance, confidentiality, and protection from revenge. Government officials lack of understanding how to handle in case they witness corruption. In addition, the study found that the whistleblowing case is a social exemption case that occurs and influences solely by personal dimensions, including professional norms, self-esteem, locus of control, moral development, and ethical belief. The whistleblowing case which influences by personal dimensions makes it almost impossible to happen again in other contexts; this is because there is no guarantee that personal dimensions would be powerful enough if compared with a fear of revenge, an exclusion from society, and impacts to family and works. Engagement from civil society and the media play an important role in an investigation of corruption and the protection of the whistleblower. The study suggests that there should be a reform of laws, the justice system, justice strategies, and management approach to prevent and eliminate corruption by developing the specific legal system, justice system, justice strategies, and management for whistleblowing cases, revenge prevention, and whistleblower protection. The government should develop its management mechanism and good governance, eliminate the patronage system, reform roles and responsibilities, professionalism, and transparency. The government should manage the data to separate whistleblowing cases from other complaints and should promote more engagements between civil society and the media.
Moving toward social enterprise : dynamics and development of agricultural-based occupational groups in Chiang Rai Province
Siam Atchariyaprapa; Awae Masae (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
The objectives of this research were: 1) to study livelihood strategies and adaptation of agricultural-based occupational groups in Chiang Rai Province following the social enterprise approach; 2) to investigate the driving process of agricultural-based occupational group development to be social enterprises; and 3) to analyze the effects of this driving on livelihood improvement of local community members. The research was conducted following the qualitative research methodology in which the case study approach was primarily chosen. Three community enterprises upgraded from agricultural-based occupational groups in rural communities in Chiang Rai Province, namely 1) Ban Samarnmit Organic Products Processing Community Enterprise, 2) Ban Pa Saang Nuea Food Processing Community Enterprise and 3) Naang Lae Pineapple Grower Community Enterprise for Export in Ban Rong Pla Khao, were purposively selected. In-depth interviews were conducted for data collection with 36 key informants together with non-participant observation. Data were analyzed by means of content analysis, typological analysis, logical reasoning and data synthesis. The research findings were as follows. 1) Most of the community members in the three communities selected were engaged in agriculture, but they often faced the vulnerabilities caused by water shortage for farming and low prices of agricultural products. As a result, they adapted their livelihood strategies by establishing agricultural-based occupational groups to work together in solving the problems. 2) The development driving process of agricultural occupational groups of all three communities was related to adjusting the management of livelihood assets available in each community and wisely utilized them to improve production process and products’ quality by applying entrepreneurial concepts of management. 3). The development and the adaptation of these agricultural-based occupational groups resulted in the improvement of the livelihoods of the community members, especially those participated actively in the development process.
Psychological characteristics, and external and internal familial conditions as correlates of perceived appropriated child-rearing practices in Thai Junior High School students
Trongkamon Sanamkate; Duchduen Bhanthumnavin (National Institute of Development Administration, 2015)
This correlation-comparative study aimed at investigating the integrated important predictors of the student's perceived appropriated child-rearing practices. The conceptual framework of this study was based on the Interactionism model. The samples were 595 students in 8th grade with the age between 13-15 years. It consisted of 282 male students (47.5%) and 312 female students (52.5%) whom 311 students (52.4%) were in Bangkok and the rest of 283 students (47.6%) attended school inprovince. The samples were obtained from multistage random sampling method. Data were analyzed in total sample group, as well as, in 16 subgroups. There were 15 measures in the form of summated rating scale. Alpha coefficient ranged from 0.64 to 0.92. There were 6 groups of variables in this study. First, psychological traits, consisting of 3 variables, i.e., mental health, social perspective taking, and core self- evaluation. Second, internal familial conditions consisting of 3 variables, i.e, parental relation, parental conflict coping, parent-child relation. Third, extemnal familial conditions consisting of 3 variables, i.e, parental work-family confict, social support from significant others and parental workload. Fourth, psychological states, consisting of 3 variables, ie., favorable attitudes toward father, favorable attitudes toward mother and psychological immunity. Fifth,perceived appropriated child-rearing practices, consisting of 3 variables, i.e., perceived love-oriented child-rearing practices, perceived reasoning-oriented child-rearing practices, and happiness in life. Finally is background variables of the students. The important findings from this study were as follows. First, the result revealed that all 12 predictors from the groups of psychological traits, situations, and psychological states, could accou unted for 1) perceived love-oriented child-rearing practice with 37.0% of accuracy. The important predictors from descending order were favorable attitudes toward father, parent-child relation, favorable attitudes toward mother, social support from significant others, psychological immunity, and social perspective taking. The highest predictive percentage was found in students with high income father with 47.7%. 2) Perceived reasoning-oriented child- rearing practice with 30.4% of accuracy. The important predictors from descending order were favorable attitudes toward father, social support from significant others, psychological immunity, social perspective taking, favorable attitudes toward mother, The highest predictive percentage was found in students with high income father with 47.0%. Secondly, all 14 predictors from the groups of psychological traits, situations, psychological states, and perceived appropriated child-rearing practices, could account for the varianve of the happiness in life with 16.6% of accuracy. The important predictors from descending order were core self-evaluation, parental relation, social support from significant others and mental health. Thirdly, results from path analysis revealed that psychological trait and situational factors, with internal and extemal familial conditions directly affected perceived appropriated child-rearing practices via psychological states with R? of 0.874. Intemnal familial condition was directly affected by psychological trait and extemal familial conditions with R? of 0.791. Perceived appropriated child-rearing practices was directly affected by only psychological states with R? of 0.721. Finally, the art-risk groups displaying less appropriated child-rearing practices were female students. Furthermore, students with high salary reported less psychological immunity. Results from this study revealed that the variables in parental work-family conflict group correlated with perceived appropriated child-rearing practices. This issue should be studied for future research study. Moreover, it is encouraged to include parents as samples, as well as, conducting mix method in future study.

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