GSDMS: Dissertations

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Cooperation on differences from the adaptation on cultural diversity a case study of Yuan Communication, Ton Tan Sub-District, Sao Hai District, Saraburi Province
Duangkamon Wetchawong; Nareenoot Damrongchai (National Institute of Development Administration, 2023)
The purposes of this research study are 1) to study the conflicts caused by the coexistence on the cultural diversity of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict, 2) to study the adaptation process of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict to create cooperation on differences among groups, 3) to examine the cooperation arising from the adaptation of Yuan people and people of other cultures, 4) to investigate the problems and obstacles in the adaptation to create unity on differences among groups of people, 5) to seek suggestions for the adaptation to create cooperation on differences among groups of people for societies or communities that face the problems of coexistence on the cultural diversity and want to create cooperation. The qualitative research method was employed. The target group included Yuan people in Ton Tan Sub-district, Sao Hai District, Saraburi Province, and 40 key informants were selected by a purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by two methods, namely 1) document research and 2) field research focusing on in-depth interviews with the key informants using interview guideline, participant and non- participant observation. Data were analysed by descriptive interpretation to understand the phenomenon according to the perspectives of the people in such culture, along with the use of logical reasoning. The findings can be presented as follows. 1) The conflicts caused by the coexistence on the cultural diversity of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict were divided into two aspects: 1.1) unclear conflict or prejudice in differences, including the problem of ethnic disrespect from having different ethnic identities and 1.2) disagreements or rejection of differences, including the problem of expression of actions different from each other in a contradictory way in concepts or forms of presenting ethnic identity through social spaces. 2) The adaptation process of Yuan people in Ton Tan Subdistrict to create cooperation on differences among groups included two cases based on the conflicts and expressed behavioural adaptation, namely 2.1) the adaptation due to unclear conflict or prejudice in differences from other groups of people and 2.2) the adaptation due to disagreements or rejection in differences from other groups of people. There were two characteristics of adaptation processes with four stages and four approaches as follows. 2.1) The adaptation due to unclear conflict consisted of four steps and two approaches. The four steps consisted of (1) identifying issues, (2) brainstorming solutions, (3) choosing the best option which involved two approaches: (3.1.) creating impression on other groups and (3.2) creating confidence in other groups, and (4) implementing the decided option. 2.2) The adaptation due to disagreements consisted of two characteristics of adaptation processes with four steps and four approaches. The first characteristics focused on negotiation or adaptation process after the problem occurred, which was composed of four steps: (1) identifying issues, (2) brainstorming solutions, (3) choosing the best option which involved one approach: (3.1) negotiation based on the shared important principles, and (4) implementing the decided option. The second characteristics focused on actions or the adaptation process after the previous approaches failed. It consisted of three steps, namely (1) brainstorming solutions, (2) choosing the best option which involved four approaches: (2.1) creating impression and interestingness in differences, (2.2) creating trust in relevant people with differences, (2.3) creating confidence in quality and benefits of differences, (2.4) negotiation based on the shared important principles, and (3) implementing the decided option. 3) The cooperation arising from the adaptation of Yuan people and people of other cultures consisted of two types, namely 3.1) the social groups with two sub-types, namely (1) occupational groups and (2) conservative groups, and 3.2) the non-social groups with two sub-types, namely (1) cultural cooperation networks and (2) using cultural identities to generate income. 4) There were two problems and four obstacles in the adaptation to create cooperation on differences among groups of people, namely (1) stagnation and loss of certain ethnic identities and (2) lack of ethnic awareness and identities which were clear and strong in the beginning. In addition, four obstacles were identified, namely (1) adherence to original beliefs, (2) lack of new-generation village sages or cultural experts, (.3) lack of educational personnel in the community educational institutions to cooperate in cultural work, and (4) participation in thinking and making decisions from a large number of stakeholders. 5) Six suggestions for the adaptation to create cooperation on differences among groups of people were as follows. (1) The societies or communities dealing with conflicts should create a sincere, trustworthy and relaxing environment in the relationship between the parties, which should be done before the negotiation. (2) Positively changing people’s behaviours should be promoted rather than verbal expression or negotiation. (3) When expressing opinions and deciding on solutions to solve problems, it should be specific to the individual with knowledge and expertise about problems and solutions to reduce the time in operation. (4) Past valuable experiences gained without direct experience can be proposed to a social space to create acceptance and cooperation among parties. (5) Creating a sincere and trustworthy environment is important to creating cooperation, and it should be constant and continuous. (6) Creating historical stories that indicate fraternity is an integrative mechanism to promote good relationships and unity between the parties.
Public Speeches of the People's Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) leader: the critical discourse analysis on social conflict
Noppajakkr Sondhinera; Phichai Rattanatilaka Na Bhuket (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
The purpose of the research is to study the discourse of the People’s Democratic Reform Committee leader, Suthep Thuagsuban’s public speaking from 2013- 2014 by using critical discourse analysis. 94 videos are selectively collected according to the triangulation technique for the document data. Research findings show numerous discourses been used during the six-month-long protest; each is developed specifically for the cause. To see the development of discourses and surrounding contexts, researcher divided the duration of protest to 3 periods; the initiative period, the peak period, and the maintain period. First, the initiative period was the boosted start of the anti- graft amnesty bill protest which took place from October to the end of November 2013. It was positive that political purpose of the anti-graft amnesty bill protest was changed once it became the People’s Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) which was to eradicate Thaksin Shinawatra and his influence over Thai politics. Thus, the major discourse found in this period was “Thaksin Regime. ” Discourse of Thaksin Regime had constructed social reality about the corrupted system in the contemporary Thai politics, including corruption, bureaucratic system abuse. Surrounding context was the conflict of the corruption cases by Thaksin Shinawatra and his sister Yingluck Shinawatra’ s government which was a sequence of political corruptions. And Yingluck Shinawatra tried to make legitimacy laundry for her brother by passing the graft amnesty bill and another general election. Another discourse was called “ allegiance to Thai Monarch” which helped identifying the PDRC movement as a protest of the good people of Thailand. Allegiance to Thai Monarch also gave the protest the moral support and a mutual purpose of devotion. Second, the peak period was happened after the PDRC grew in number, over million people had joined the protest. With its strategic movement, Bangkok Shutdown ( divided to 13 rally sites), being platform for rice farmer protest and other political events, PDRC had successfully made a hard time for Yingluck Shinawatra’ s Administration. Once, PDRC gained much political pressure, it became a target from the government and government’ s supporting crowd, the Red- Shirt. Suthep Thuagsuban as the PDRC leader was being defamed in attempt to dismiss the protest. This surrounding context made discourse of “Uncle Headman” emerged to construct body-image of a good leader. It was consisted of a story of Suthep Thuagsuban since he was a Headman from Surat Thani whose dream was to be people’s representative, until he had become one of the most powerful political figures of Thai politics. Yet, he willingly gave up his title to lead the protest of PDRC, so the prominent politician became a people’s uncle headman, and the medium (host body of the collective mind), and the holy monk who kept his ordain to preserve the good and righteousness of the protest. Apart from Uncle Headman, there was a discourse of “ peaceful protest” because the surrounding context was full of violence done onto the PDRC by the government’s extremist supporters. Lastly, the maintain period which was marked when all PDRC rally sites had retreated to its last precinct, Lumpini Park for security and changes in its movement. By limiting its activities and sites, PDRC could pursue its goal of reforms. While Yingluck Shinawatra’s government had been exhausted from countering the protest, many conflicts had been concluded by the courts. It was an opportunity for PDRC to hammer at the government with all its strength. But it was a time for the extremist supporters of Yingluck Shinawatra desperately resorted an absurd idea of dividing the Kingdom. So, in this period there were various discourses, including reform, bureaucratic friends to secure the connection between the protest and the bureaucrats, soldiers, and polices. In this period, the evolving uncle headman and allegiance to Thai Monarch had played their part to strengthen the cause and common purpose of patriotism against an idea of dividing Kingdom.
การปรับตัวของคนจนเมืองในกรุงเทพมหานครเพื่อความมั่นคงในการดำรงชีพภายใต้ภาวะวิกฤตโควิด 19
วัลย์ลิกา ลิ้มสุวรรณ; อาแว มะแส (สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2023)
การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาสภาพความเปราะบางที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อความยากจนและความเสี่ยงในการดำรงชีพรวมถึงการปรับตัวตลอดจนแนวทางการสร้างความมั่นคงในการดำรงชีพในภาวะวิฤตโควิด 19 ของครัวเรือนยากจนในชุมชนแออัด กรุงเทพมหานคร การดำเนินการวิจัยเป็นไปตามระเบียบวิธีวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ด้วยการลงพื้นที่ภาคสนามเพื่อรวบรวมข้อมูลในชุมชนแออัด จำนวน 2 แห่งที่เลือกมาแบบเจาะจง คือ 1) ชุมชนริมคลองพระยาราชมนตรี เขตบางบอน ซึ่งตั้งอยู่บริเวณชานเมือง และ 2) ชุมชนวัดช่องลม เขตยานนาวา ซึ่งตั้งอยู่ย่านใจกลางกรุงของกรุงเทพมหานคร การรวบรวมข้อมูลใช้วิธีการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกเป็นหลัก เสริมด้วยการสังเกตและการสนทนากลุ่ม เครื่องมือในการวิจัยประกอบด้วยแบบสำรวจทรัพย์สินที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการดำรงชีพ แนวคำถามสำหรับการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก แบบบันทึกการสังเกต และแบบบันทึกการสนทนากลุ่ม ผลการศึกษาพบว่าครัวเรือนยากจนในชุมชนแออัดส่วนมากมีทรัพย์สินที่จำเป็นต่อการดำรงชีพอย่างน้อย 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ ทรัพย์สินมนุษย์ ทรัพย์สินทางกายภาพ และทรัพย์สินทางการเงิน ซึ่งเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่ช่วยให้ครัวเรือนยากจนสามารถปรับตัวและดำรงชีพอยู่รอดภายใต้ภาวะวิกฤตโควิด 19 ด้วยการรับมือและปรับตัวบนพื้นฐานของทรัพย์สินที่มีอยู่หรือสามารถเข้าถึง ด้วยการแปลงทรัพย์สินต่าง ๆ ไปเป็นทุนในการดำรงชีพ อีกทั้งยังสามารถฟื้นคืนสู่สภาพเดิมได้ด้วยการประยุกต์ใช้ทุนที่มีอยู่ให้เกิดประโยชน์สูงสุด เสริมด้วยการสนับสนุนจากทุนทางสังคม โดยสามารถบูรณาการความร่วมมือในรูปแบบเครือข่ายประชาสังคมและการพึ่งพาญาติพี่น้องซึ่งส่วนมากอาศัยอยู่ในชุมชนอื่น ๆ นอกกรุงเทพมหานคร เมื่อเปรียบเทียบระหว่างชุมชนพบความแตกต่างบ้างระหว่างทรัพย์สินที่มีหรือเข้าถึง และระดับการปรับตัวของสมาชิกชุมชนในภาพรวม โดยเกี่ยวข้องกับความแตกต่างของทรัพย์สินและแรงกระตุ้นให้มีการตื่นตัวเพื่อวางแผนในการรับมือกับภัยพิบัติในอนาคต ข้อเสนอแนะเชิงนโยบายจึงควรส่งเสริมให้เกิดความเข้มแข็งของทุนทางสังคมในรูปแบบเครือข่ายทางสังคมที่มุ่งเน้นการร่วมมือกันช่วยเหลือบรรเทาทุกข์และดำเนินการอย่างต่อเนื่องเพื่อยกระดับการดำรงชีพภายหลังภาวะวิกฤต จะสร้างพลังขับเคลื่อนสังคมให้พัฒนาไปได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและเป็นรูปธรรมต่อไป
Network learning process for smart farmer's self development
Pannika Ngamcharoen; Li, Renliang (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
Network Learning is an essential and necessary factor to agricultural sections’ development since learning process which all community members can participate would bring to strengthen agriculturists by applying learning attitudes and experiences of network members to develop their learning process. This research article aims to: 1) Study learning process through agriculturists’ learning network in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, who aim to transform themselves into intelligent agriculturists. 2) To study the problems and obstacles in the learning process through the network of farmers to develop themselves to be smart agriculture in Pak Chong District Nakhon Ratchasima Province 3) To use the information obtained to develop the learning process from an appropriate network of farmers in Pak Chong District Nakhon Ratchasima Province Data collection in the learning process through agriculturists network from 3 sample groups; organic vegetable farm owner group, local governor group, and related local academic institute staff group, by using structural deep interview with an observation from qualitative research methods. The results showed that: 1) Learning process through agriculturist network initiated from occurrence of individual problems or requirement of self-development of members in network; secondly, exchanging problems among network members; thirdly, establishing space for exchanging knowledge and concluding lessons learned to operate altogether; fourthly, evaluation and adjusting; fifthly, a continuation of activities and expansion of cooperation region to build relationship and pursue for more explicit knowledge. 2) Problems and obstacles found were intermittence of activities; gathering and consulting happened only when issues, such as pest problem, occurred, the solution would be operated sluggishly. 3) Appropriate process development is to promote learning to occur at the individual level. At the community level, there should be activities that encourage ties with the network. In the network, cooperation between the networks should be promoted. Besides, the issue of overlapped work from government and lack of continuous coordination among organization caused the discontinuous giving knowledge accordingly. Consequently, to establish the highest advantages in learning for agriculturists, government holds the key role to promote and support local level activities exceedingly. For proper solution would be integration and coordination in all sections such as public and academic sector including cooperation of agriculturist group, as the results from learning among network group can be adapted and create more explicit knowledge to improve the quality of life of agriculturists which lead to the stability of life, the abundance of economic and elevate the quality of agriculture itself as well.
Genealogy of Thai cultural policy
Kanjana Laochockchaikul; Phichai Ratnatilaka na Bhuket (National Institute of Development Administration, 2023)
The study of Thailand cultural policy is qualitative research using methodology based on genealogy to review “cultural policy” of Thailand. The objectives of this study are 1. to study and analyze Thailand cultural policy of each period in discourse perspective and related context and 2. to analyze practices and situations that cultural policies express themselves to show the connection between the content of Thailand cultural policy, practices and related strategies and the results of cultural policy. The study was indicated that Thailand cultural policy in the era of Plaek Phibunsongkhram (P. Phibunsongkhram) was considered the first period of using “culture” to drive into policy which was important national agenda under “Nation-building Culture” discourse. During the era of Field Marshal P. Phibunsongkhram, this discourse had become secured and had long been sealing at basic consumption level in Thai society before entering the era of Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat who built “Good traditional culture” discourse to significantly emphasize once again against social and political context. This resulted in the development guidelines that held on to “Good traditional culture” discourse remain in long development agenda which mainly gave priority to national culture until modern economic development. This was considered main challenge against cultural policy as seen in modern Thailand cultural policy under “Cultural Capital” discourse which placed development goals to accord with modern economic development.
New media disruption: a case study of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand
Zhao, Jingnan; Li, Renliang (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
For over 100 years, Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand have played a unique role in the Chinese community and in Thailand-China international communication. Rapidly expanding internet usage has disrupted how news is produced, delivered, and consumed; however, presenting Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand with many challenges in the digital era. This study aims to 1) review the history of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand, 2) investigate the challenges and opportunities of the Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand facing new media disruption, and 3) recommend strategies for the continued development of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand. Data collection involved both macro-and micro-level analysis of interviews and direct observation. A case study of Sing Sian Yer Pao is presented, as well as the results of a qualitative research study conducted within 30 Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand stakeholders as participants, with data collected through secondary data analysis, in-depth interviews, and group discussion. The collected data was analyzed through Lasswell’s communication model and SWOT. The research result found that: 1) The history of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand can be divided into seven general periods: beginning, growth, development, setback, golden age, depression, and stable period. There are currently six major Chinese-language daily newspapers, namely Sing Sian Yer Pao, The Universal Daily News, Tong Hua Daily News, The New Chinese Daily News, Kia Hua Tong Nguan, and Asia News Time. The development of Chinese-language newspapers over the past several years corresponds with trends in Thailand’s media and the Thailand-China international relationship. 2) The Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand face considerable challenges in the face of new media disruption. The most prominent problems are the lack of new talent and insufficient financial support, which have significantly restricted the transformation of the Chinese-language newspaper industry in Thailand into a melted media enterprise. Secondly, due to their longstanding customary management models, it is tough to reform the internal management of Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand. This study’s findings show that although Chinese-language newspapers in Thailand play an essential role in communication and can significantly contribute to all areas of the Chinese community’s development in Thailand, their potential remains vastly untapped due to certain obstacles. The Chinese-language newspaper industry in Thailand could benefit from a development program. 3) To apply the study results, Chinese-language newspapers should develop their human resources and expand their user base with accurate customer targeting, improved content production, and other strategies that help foster competitive advantages and customer satisfaction.
Nomological model of study-life balance and sustainable success in undergraduate students
Krisana Chotratanakamol; Duchduen Bhanthumnavin (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
The pursuit of study-life balance is a vital determinant of students overall success and well-being in academic and personal domains. However, there is still limited research in Thailand. This research was a nomological network study with aims to: 1) investigate crucial predictors and predictive percentage of psychological characteristics, situational factors, and psychological states related to the study-life balance of undergraduate students. 2) investigate crucial predictors and predictive percentage of psychological states and study-life balance related to the sustainable success of the students. 3) investigate direct and indirect effects of psychological characteristics and situational factors on study-life balance and the sustainable success of the students, and 4) identify characteristics of students with low study-life balance (the at-risk group) and protective factors that promote study-life balance in the students. The multi-stage sampling method was used, and the samples consisted of 597 undergraduate students from the second and third years of four public universities in Thailand. The sample included 174 males (29.20%) and 422 females (70.80%), with an average age of 20 years and 3 months. Among the participants, 150 were working while studying (25.10%) and 447 were non-working students (74.90%). The data were analyzed in total sample group and 25 subgroups, categorized according to demographic characteristics. Multiple regression analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM), and three-way analysis of variance were applied to test the hypotheses. The interactionism model was adopted to form the conceptual model of this study. There were 6 groups of variables as follows; 1) Psychological traits variables (self-regulation, core self-evaluation, and psychology immunity), 2) Situational factors variables (perceived support opportunity from others, academic demands, and university inculcating experience), 3) Psychological states variables (favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation, creative problem-solving, and proactive personality), 4) Study life balance variables (study-life conflict reduction and study-life enrichment), 5) Sustainable success variables (academic success, life satisfaction, and health and wellness), and 6) Background characteristics variables. Most of the measures in this study were in the form of summated rating method with 6-point rating scale. The range of score reliability was between .70 to .86. Multiple regression analysis showed important findings as follows: Firstly, regarding the psychological traits and the perceived situation variables (Set 3), there were 6 variables that could predict the psychological states: 1) favorable attitudes toward adjustment and Innovation for 57.72% in total sample. The important predictors were perceived support opportunity from others (β=.34), psychological immunity (β=.30), and self-regulation (β=.22), respectively, 2) creative problem solving for 66.61% in total sample. The important predictors were self-regulation (β=.26), perceived support opportunity from others (β=.21), core self-evaluation (β=.19), university inculcating experience (β=.16), and psychological immunity (β=.16), and 3) proactive personality for 77.03% in total sample. The important predictors were psychological immunity (β=.32), core self-evaluation (β=.22), perceived support opportunity from others (β=.21), self-regulation (β=.18), academic demands (β=-.14), and university inculcating experience (β=.11). Overall, the results were found to support hypothesis 1 only in subgroups of each dependent variables. Secondly, the 9 predictors from the psychological traits, situational factors, and psychological states (Set 5) could predicted the study-life balance behavior as follows: 1) study-life conflict reduction for 72.11% in total sample. The important predictors were perceived support opportunity from others (β=.21), favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation (β=.20), psychological immunity (β=.19), core self-evaluation (β=.18), proactive personality (β=.13), creative problem solving (β=.13), and self-regulation (β=-.08), 2) study-life enrichment for 69.74% in total sample. The important predictors in descending order were perceived support opportunity from others (β= .47), creative problem solving (β=.35), and university inculcating experience (β=.10). Overall, the data analysis on study-life balance that supported hypothesis 2 was only found in subgroups. Thirdly, the 11 predictors (Set 7) in this study, including variables in psychological traits, situational factors, psychological states, and study-life balance, could predicted the outcome variables as follows: 1) academic success for 79.28% in total sample. The important were proactive personality (β=.34), creative problem solving (β=.19), core self-evaluation (β=.16), favorable attitudes toward adjustment and Innovation (β=.15), study-life conflict reduction (β=-.12), self-regulation (β=.10), study-life enrichment (β=.10), university inculcating experience (β=.09) and academic demands (β=.07), 2) life satisfaction for 69.35% in total sample. The important predictors were perceived support opportunity from others (β=.37), core self-evaluation (β=.34), study-life enrichment (β=.19), and university inculcating experience (β=.11), 3) health and wellness for 67.98% in total sample. The important predictors in descending order were core self-evaluation (β=.69), proactive personality (β=-.22), creative problem-solving (β=.13), perceived support opportunity from others (β=.13), academic demands (β=.12), study-life enrichment (β=.10), favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation (β=-.10), university inculcating experience (β=.07). The results of data analysis on sustainable success did not support hypothesis 3, in both total group and subgroups. Fourthly, the results from path analysis modeling indicated the model fit for the adjusted model (x2 = 39.086; df = 27; p-value = 0.0622; RMSEA = 0.027; CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.050). The results supported hypothesis 4 based on the interactionism model. Psychological traits and situational latent variables had direct influence on study-life balance latent variable and indirect influence through the psychological states latent variable, which could explain the behavior latent variable (R2=96.8%). Study-life balance latent variable and psychological states latent variable had direct influence on sustainable success and indirect influence through study-life balance latent variable, which could explain the sustainable success latent variable (R2= 94.8%.) In addition, there were additional direct effects from psychological trait latent variable to situational latent variables (R2= 97.4%). Finally, characteristics of the at-risk group who showed lower study-life balance were described as follows: 1) low GPA students, 2) non-working students, 3) science and technology, junior students 4) junior students, 5) low-income students, 6) science and technology students, 7) high GPA, low-income students, 8) low GPA, high-income students, 9) sophomore humanities and social science students, and 10) junior business administration students. Moreover, the critical preventive factors of these at-risk groups of students were perceived support opportunity from others, creative problem solving, university inculcating experience, psychological immunity, and favorable attitudes toward adjustment and innovation. Based on the findings of the present study, the interactionism model and nomological network were considered as valuable tools for understanding human behavior. The findings highlighted the importance of proactive personality in achieving study-life balance for students and emphasized the need to foster individuals with lower levels of study-life balance. Additionally, psychological immunity and social support were also identified as important factors. To improve essential study-life balance skills for Thai university students, it is recommended to enhance these factors through general education courses, class activities, and training interventions.
A whistleblowing in Thalland's bureaucracy
Sawai Seesai; Somsak Samukkethum (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
Corruption is a complicated social, political, and economic phenomenon that occurs on a large scale and affects the whole society. The phenomenon undermines democracy, the justice system, human rights, market mechanisms, economic potentiality, and people life’s quality, and causes other negative impacts on human security. Corruption occurs in all countries and is considered one of the most severe problems; there is no sign for the problem to deplete but more and more severe and complicated. All the countries around the world have been trying to establish policies and measures to prevent and eliminate corruption, such as increasing compensation for a government official, decreasing the state’s organization, creating financial transparency, developing the media’s freedom, strengthening a justice system, etc. Among these policies and mechanisms, whistleblowing is one of the tools to fight corruption and promote good governance, responsibility, and transparency and is deemed one of the most effective mechanisms to fight corruption. However, in Thailand, there are limited studies on whistleblowing and is found in limited contexts. The body of knowledge on whistleblowing in Thailand’s context does not reflect existing and ongoing corruption. The development of mechanisms or systems to support whistleblowing should be based on an understanding of the phenomenon in the Thailand context. This study aims to study corruption and whistleblowing to understand conditions that facilitate or prevent whistleblowing as well as propose the concept to develop a supportive and promotion system of whistleblowing in the future. The study found that the state’s policies do not facilitate or promote whistleblowing in the bureaucratic system. The government’s personnel feel unsure that the government would value the prevention and elimination of corruption. The government does not have a specific mechanism for whistleblowing and there is no exact data about existing whistleblowing. The whistleblowing case is treated as other types of complaints. The whistleblower and the witness feel insecure about government support, organization justice, acceptance, confidentiality, and protection from revenge. Government officials lack of understanding how to handle in case they witness corruption. In addition, the study found that the whistleblowing case is a social exemption case that occurs and influences solely by personal dimensions, including professional norms, self-esteem, locus of control, moral development, and ethical belief. The whistleblowing case which influences by personal dimensions makes it almost impossible to happen again in other contexts; this is because there is no guarantee that personal dimensions would be powerful enough if compared with a fear of revenge, an exclusion from society, and impacts to family and works. Engagement from civil society and the media play an important role in an investigation of corruption and the protection of the whistleblower. The study suggests that there should be a reform of laws, the justice system, justice strategies, and management approach to prevent and eliminate corruption by developing the specific legal system, justice system, justice strategies, and management for whistleblowing cases, revenge prevention, and whistleblower protection. The government should develop its management mechanism and good governance, eliminate the patronage system, reform roles and responsibilities, professionalism, and transparency. The government should manage the data to separate whistleblowing cases from other complaints and should promote more engagements between civil society and the media.
Moving toward social enterprise : dynamics and development of agricultural-based occupational groups in Chiang Rai Province
Siam Atchariyaprapa; Awae Masae (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
The objectives of this research were: 1) to study livelihood strategies and adaptation of agricultural-based occupational groups in Chiang Rai Province following the social enterprise approach; 2) to investigate the driving process of agricultural-based occupational group development to be social enterprises; and 3) to analyze the effects of this driving on livelihood improvement of local community members. The research was conducted following the qualitative research methodology in which the case study approach was primarily chosen. Three community enterprises upgraded from agricultural-based occupational groups in rural communities in Chiang Rai Province, namely 1) Ban Samarnmit Organic Products Processing Community Enterprise, 2) Ban Pa Saang Nuea Food Processing Community Enterprise and 3) Naang Lae Pineapple Grower Community Enterprise for Export in Ban Rong Pla Khao, were purposively selected. In-depth interviews were conducted for data collection with 36 key informants together with non-participant observation. Data were analyzed by means of content analysis, typological analysis, logical reasoning and data synthesis. The research findings were as follows. 1) Most of the community members in the three communities selected were engaged in agriculture, but they often faced the vulnerabilities caused by water shortage for farming and low prices of agricultural products. As a result, they adapted their livelihood strategies by establishing agricultural-based occupational groups to work together in solving the problems. 2) The development driving process of agricultural occupational groups of all three communities was related to adjusting the management of livelihood assets available in each community and wisely utilized them to improve production process and products’ quality by applying entrepreneurial concepts of management. 3). The development and the adaptation of these agricultural-based occupational groups resulted in the improvement of the livelihoods of the community members, especially those participated actively in the development process.
Psychological characteristics, and external and internal familial conditions as correlates of perceived appropriated child-rearing practices in Thai Junior High School students
Trongkamon Sanamkate; Duchduen Bhanthumnavin (National Institute of Development Administration, 2015)
This correlation-comparative study aimed at investigating the integrated important predictors of the student's perceived appropriated child-rearing practices. The conceptual framework of this study was based on the Interactionism model. The samples were 595 students in 8th grade with the age between 13-15 years. It consisted of 282 male students (47.5%) and 312 female students (52.5%) whom 311 students (52.4%) were in Bangkok and the rest of 283 students (47.6%) attended school inprovince. The samples were obtained from multistage random sampling method. Data were analyzed in total sample group, as well as, in 16 subgroups. There were 15 measures in the form of summated rating scale. Alpha coefficient ranged from 0.64 to 0.92. There were 6 groups of variables in this study. First, psychological traits, consisting of 3 variables, i.e., mental health, social perspective taking, and core self- evaluation. Second, internal familial conditions consisting of 3 variables, i.e, parental relation, parental conflict coping, parent-child relation. Third, extemnal familial conditions consisting of 3 variables, i.e, parental work-family confict, social support from significant others and parental workload. Fourth, psychological states, consisting of 3 variables, ie., favorable attitudes toward father, favorable attitudes toward mother and psychological immunity. Fifth,perceived appropriated child-rearing practices, consisting of 3 variables, i.e., perceived love-oriented child-rearing practices, perceived reasoning-oriented child-rearing practices, and happiness in life. Finally is background variables of the students. The important findings from this study were as follows. First, the result revealed that all 12 predictors from the groups of psychological traits, situations, and psychological states, could accou unted for 1) perceived love-oriented child-rearing practice with 37.0% of accuracy. The important predictors from descending order were favorable attitudes toward father, parent-child relation, favorable attitudes toward mother, social support from significant others, psychological immunity, and social perspective taking. The highest predictive percentage was found in students with high income father with 47.7%. 2) Perceived reasoning-oriented child- rearing practice with 30.4% of accuracy. The important predictors from descending order were favorable attitudes toward father, social support from significant others, psychological immunity, social perspective taking, favorable attitudes toward mother, The highest predictive percentage was found in students with high income father with 47.0%. Secondly, all 14 predictors from the groups of psychological traits, situations, psychological states, and perceived appropriated child-rearing practices, could account for the varianve of the happiness in life with 16.6% of accuracy. The important predictors from descending order were core self-evaluation, parental relation, social support from significant others and mental health. Thirdly, results from path analysis revealed that psychological trait and situational factors, with internal and extemal familial conditions directly affected perceived appropriated child-rearing practices via psychological states with R? of 0.874. Intemnal familial condition was directly affected by psychological trait and extemal familial conditions with R? of 0.791. Perceived appropriated child-rearing practices was directly affected by only psychological states with R? of 0.721. Finally, the art-risk groups displaying less appropriated child-rearing practices were female students. Furthermore, students with high salary reported less psychological immunity. Results from this study revealed that the variables in parental work-family conflict group correlated with perceived appropriated child-rearing practices. This issue should be studied for future research study. Moreover, it is encouraged to include parents as samples, as well as, conducting mix method in future study.
Building a social network on facebook for managing romantic love related problems in women
Kanitta Yampochai; Awae Masae (National Institute of Development Administration, 2017)
This qualitative research employed the participatory action research and case study methods. There are 3 objectives as follows: 1) to investigate social contexts and personal attributes of those entering the designated Facebook network; 2) to examine patterns of relationship in an online social network linking to the management of romantic love problems of women on the Facebook; and 3) to build a model of social network for the management of romantic love problems among women on the Facebook. Data was analyzed by understanding the meanings, typological analysis, data synthesis and interpretation. Findings reveal that the Facebook community can illustrate the relationship among its members in a form of social network which can be explained based on the “Addressee Honorific” norms. The community characterizes the combination of the primary and secondary type according to the Gemeinshaft and Geselshaft concepts. From the target group of 61 observations, their interaction related to the management of love problems can be classified into 4 patterns: 1) parent pattern; although no message interaction about love problem, the relation is the positive, 2) sibling pattern; although no message interaction about love problem, the relationship is more positive than negative, 3) relative pattern; if having the message interaction about love problem, the negative relation does not occur but if non-having the message interaction about love problem, the negative relation occurs, and 4) friend pattern; if non-having the message interaction about love problem, the high negative relation occurs. Additionally, 2 levels of love problem management are found: personal level and group level. Data synthesis for building a model of social network for the management of love problems in women reveals that there are 2 related processes i.e. building process and development process, and 3 cycles including: 1) conceptual cycle, 2) model building cycle, and 3) development cycle. These components are interrelated.
Thai youth's social creative thinking promotion in Thailand 4.0 era
Yupawan Duanginta; Li, Renliang (National Institute of Development Administration, 2022)
การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์คือ 1) เพื่อศึกษาคุณลักษณะของเยาวชนที่มีความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคม ยุค Thailand 4.0 2) เพื่อศึกษาวิธีการเสริมสร้างความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคมของเยาวชนไทย ยุค Thailand 4.0 3) เพื่อสังเคราะห์ปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จในการเสริมสร้างความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคมของเยาวชนไทย ยุค Thailand 4.0 การดำเนินการวิจัยครั้งนี้ใช้การวิจัยแบบผสมระหว่างการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ และวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการศึกษาคือ นักเรียนโรงเรียนสาธิตมหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒประสานมิตร โรงเรียนเทพศิรินทร์ โรงเรียนสตรีสมุทรปราการ และโรงเรียนแพรกษาวิเทศศึกษา โดยมีจำนวนกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ จำนวน 720 คน และการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ 54 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวบรวมข้อมูลคือ แบบวัดคุณลักษณะเยาวชนที่มีความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคม ซึ่งได้ค่าความเชื่อมั่นแบบวัดเท่ากับ 0.92 และแบบสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก ผลการศึกษาพบว่า คุณลักษณะเยาวชนที่มีความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคม สามารถแยกคุณลักษณะออกเป็น 2 ประเภท คือ ด้านลักษณนิสัย ประกอบด้วย 1) กล้าคิด กล้าทำ 2) ความคิดที่แปลกใหม่ 3) จินตนาการ 4) ละเอียดละออ 5) ความพยายาม ทุ่มเท และด้านทักษะ ประกอบด้วย 1) ความสามารถในการปรับตัว 2)ความสามารถจัดการปัญหา 3) การฝึกฝน ฝึกคิด ฝึกปฎิบัติ 4) ความรับผิดชอบตนเอง 5) ความสามารถทางเทคโนโลยี วิธีการเสริมสร้างความคิดสร้างสรรค์สังคมเริ่มต้นจากครอบครัว การให้ความรัก ความอบอุ่น การเอาใจใส่กันภายในครอบครัวจะช่วยส่งเสริมการคิดสร้างสรรค์ เยาวชนยังต้องการหลักสูตรที่สามารถจัดการเรียนรู้ด้วยตนเองและอยากให้ครูมีความเชี่ยวชาญและความสามารถจัดการเรียนการสอนที่ช่วยกระตุ้นความคิดสร้างสรรค์ นอกจากนี้เยาวชนยังอยากให้ชุมชนหรือสังคมเปิดพื้นที่ให้ทำกิจกรรมต่างๆ รวมทั้งอยากได้รับงบประมาณสนับสนุนทางด้านวัสดุ อุปกรณ์และสื่อต่างๆ โดยวิสัยทัศน์ของผู้บริหาร ความชัดเจนเชิงนโนบายจากภาครัฐ ยังเป็นส่วนสำคัญที่ส่งเสริมความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคม และจากการศึกษาพบว่า ปัจจัยแห่งความสำเร็จในการเสริมสร้างความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคมของเยาวชน ประกอบด้วย คุณลักษณะนิสัยและทักษะส่วนบุคคล การส่งเสริมจากครอบครัว โรงเรียน ชุมชนหรือสังคม และนโยบายจากภาครัฐ กระทรวง ที่ส่งผลต่อการบริหารจัดการโรงเรียนเพื่อส่งเสริมความคิดสร้างสรรค์ทางสังคมของเยาวชน
ตัวแบบการจัดการวัฒนธรรมของชุมชนบ้านหมากขาม* และบ้านหมากม่วง* ในเขตเทศบาลตำบลไตรรัฐ* ยุคประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียน
คทาเทพ พงศ์ทอง; สุพรรณี ไชยอำพร (สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2017)
การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ คือ 1) เพื่อนำเสนอตัวแบบการจัดการวัฒนธรรมชุมชนบ้านหมาก ขาม* และบ้านหมากม่วง* ในเขตต าบลไตรรัฐ* อ าเภอเมือง จังหวัดปทุมธานี2) เพื่อศึกษาการจัดการ วัฒนธรรมของชุมชน 3) เพื่อศึกษาทัศนะของประชาชนในชุมชนต่อกิจกรรมทางวัฒนธรรม การวิจัยนี้ ใช้การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยเน้นการสัมภาษณ์แบบเจาะลึก จากผู้ให้ข้อมูลที่ส าคัญ 30 คน และใช้การ วิเคราะห์ตีความ ควบคู่บริบทและใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนาประกอบเพื่อให้เกิดความชัดเจนเป็นรูปธรรม
การใช้เหมืองข้อมูล (Data Mining) ในการวิเคราะห์และสร้างตัวแบบความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างคุณภาพสังคมและความสุขของประชาชนในจังหวัดจันทบุรี
ธนวรรณ วิสุทธิรัตน์; สุรสิทธิ์ วชิรขจร (สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2018)
คุณภาพสังคมของประชาชนที่มีคุณภาพเป็นเรื่องส าคัญ เป็นสิ่งที่ทำให้ประชาชนมีความสุข มากขึ้นและอยู่ภายใต้ความสนใจของนักวิจัยมาโดยตลอด อย่างไรก็ตามการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเพื่อ นำไปสู่การอธิบายและทำนายคุณภาพสังคมและความสุขในปัจจุบันมีข้อจำกัด งานวิจัยนี้จึงนำเสนอ เทคนิคใหม่ๆ มาใช้โดยนำเอาเทคนิคเหมืองข้อมูลซึ่งเป็นเทคนิคที่ให้ข้อสรุปผลการวิจัยที่มีการค้นหา รูปแบบ แนวทาง และความสัมพันธ์แท้จริงที่ซ่อนอยู่ในชุดข้อมูลนั้น นำมาสร้างแบบจำลองคุณภาพ สังคมที่ดีเพื่อใช้ทำนายแนวโน้มความสุขของประชาชน
Community-based social entrepreneurship and rural livelihood improvement
Dullapark Maneein; Awae Masae (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
This research is a qualitative research aiming at investigating the formation, development and mobilization of social enterprises, as well as their effects on adaptation of livelihood strategy in rural communities. The research was conducted following the case study approach in which three communities were selected purposively for the investigation. The selected communities were located in U-thong Ancient City, a special area designated by the state to mobilize community-based tourism development project towards sustainability. Data were collected mainly by means of in-depth interview with 20 keys informants, supplemented by non-participant observation. Data analysis was done using content analysis, typological analysis, data synthesis, and interpretation methods. The results of the study revealed that the formation of social enterprises in the study area appeared as groups of leading members began to conduct activities commonly interested in each community. After that, these groups were mobilized partly through state interventions for driving social entrepreneurship application under the special development project aiming at tourism development linking with history, culture and way of life of local people. This development led to livelihood improvement in various dimensions in accordance with social entrepreneurship approach, including production and marketing development that supported the improvement of economic self-reliance and awareness about the importance of cultural conservation. Participants in the project development who lived in the selected communities had adapted their livelihood strategies enabling them to earn more income, reduce vulnerabilities and increase efficiency in the management of livelihood related assets at the household level.
Constructing appropriate leadership models for the abbot in sangha administration: grounded theory approach
Wichet Suwattano (Sriprom); Phichai Ratanatilaka Na Bhuket (National Institute of Development Administration, 2021)
The objectives of this study were 1) to study the understanding of the traits, behaviors and components of leadership of the abbots in the emic point of view and 2) to construct the appropriate leadership models for the abbots. This was qualitative research. Data were collected from related documents, participant observation and in-depth interviews with 26 key informants from 6 temples in Chaiyaphum Province and the National Office of Buddhism. Data were analyzed based on the grounded theory approach and presented by descriptive information. The study results according to first objective revealed that there were 22 existing leadership components of the abbots namely: 1. Being Compassionate and Generous 2. Self-Awareness 3. Determination 4. Self-Sacrifice 5. Being Strict in Disciplines 6. Intelligence 7. Sociability 8. Competency 9. Self-Confidence 10. Conceptualizing 11. Skill Knowledge and Competency 12. Initiative and Creative 13. Being a Role Model 14. Compromise 15. Accountability 16. Empowering 17. Giving the Work Back to the People 18. Helping Followers Grow and Succeed 19. Creating Values for the Community 20. Balanced Processing 21. Intellectual Stimulation 22. Individualized Consideration. The study results according to second objective revealed that the appropriate leadership models for the abbots of the temples focusing on education comprised 2 main components as follows: 1) Traits, consisting of 8 components, namely 1. Charisma 2. Envision 3. Intelligence 4. Self-Esteem 5. Determination 6. Altruism 7. Emotional Maturity 8. Self-Awareness and 2) Behaviors, Consisting of 6 Components, Namely 1. Inspirational Motivation 2. Intellectual Stimulation 3. Individualized Consideration 4. Contingent Reward 5. Empowerment 6. Building Community Relations. The appropriate leadership models for the abbots of the temples focusing on development with the community comprised 2 main components as follows: 1) Traits, consisting of 7 components, namely 1. Sociability 2. Emotional Intelligence 3. Equilibrium 4. Charisma 5. Sacrifice 6. Integrity 7. Openness and 2) Behaviors, Consisting of 8 Components, Namely 1. Identify Problems 2. Conceptualizing 3. Effective Communications 4. Internalized Moral Perspective 5. Balanced Processing 6. Relational Transparency 7. Giving the Work Back to the People 8. Creating Value for the Community.
การเสริมพลังชุมชนเพื่อการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพ กรณีศึกษาโครงการชุมชนน่าอยู่ในพื้นที่ภาคเหนือของสำนักงานกองทุนสนับสนุนการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพ
พินทุสร โพธิ์อุไร; สมศักดิ์ สามัคคีธรรม (สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์, 2021)
การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ในการศึกษา 3 ประการ คือ 1) ประเมินความสำเร็จโครงการชุมชนน่าอยู่ด้านผลลัพธ์ชุมชนเข้มแข็ง และผลลัพธ์ด้านสุขภาพตามเป้าหมาย 10 ปี สสส. ในพื้นที่ภาคเหนือของสำนักสร้างสรรค์โอกาส (สำนัก 6) 2) ศึกษาการเสริมพลังชุมชนที่ส่งผลต่อการเกิดผลลัพธ์ชุมชนเข้มแข็ง และผลลัพธ์ด้านสุขภาพตามเป้าหมาย 10 ปี สสส. ในพื้นที่ดังกล่าว และ 3) นำเสนอตัวแบบที่เหมาะสมของการเสริมพลังชุมชนเพื่อการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพ การศึกษาใช้การวิจัยแบบผสม การวิจัยเชิงปริมาณใช้วิธีการจัดประชุมกลุ่มย่อยตัวแทนชุมชนที่เข้าร่วมโครงการชุมชนน่าอยู่ โดยใช้แบบสอบถาม 1 ชุดต่อ 1 ชุมชน รวมทั้งสิ้น 99 ชุมชน มีผู้เข้าร่วมประชุมกลุ่มย่อย ชุมชนละ 6-8 คน ประกอบด้วยกรรมการสภาผู้นำชุมชน ที่ปรึกษาสภาผู้นำชุมชน และพี่เลี้ยงภายนอก รวมทั้งหมด 705 คน การศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพได้ทำการศึกษา 2 แห่ง คือ หมู่บ้านพงสะตือ ม.6 อำเภอตรอน จังหวัดอุตรดิตถ์ และ หมู่บ้านทีกะเป่อ อำเภอพบพระ จังหวัดตาก จากการศึกษาพบว่า 1) ความสำเร็จด้านการเสริมพลังชุมชนอยู่ในระดับสูงมาก ความสำเร็จด้านชุมชนเข้มแข็งและด้านผลลัพธ์ทางสุขภาพอยู่ในระดับสูง 2) การเสริมพลังชุมชนมีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกกับความสำเร็จด้านชุมชนเข้มแข็ง และความสำเร็จด้านผลลัพธ์ทางสุขภาพ และ 3) ตัวแบบการเสริมพลังชุมชนเพื่อการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพ ได้แก่ การใช้ทุนชุมชน คือ ทุนมนุษย์ ทุนการเงิน ทุนทางสังคม ทุนกายภาพ และ ทุนธรรมชาติผ่านการเสริมพลังชุมชนเพื่อการสร้างเสริมสุขภาพ 9 มิติ อย่างเป็นกระบวนการ ได้แก่ การมีส่วนร่วมชุมชน ความสามารถประเมินปัญหา ภาวะผู้นำท้องถิ่น โครงสร้างองค์การ การระดมทรัพยากร เชื่อมโยงกับเครือข่าย การวิเคราะห์ชุมชนเพื่อสร้างมโนธรรมสำนึก การบริหารจัดการโครงการ และบทบาทองค์กรภายนอก มีการสนับสนุนจากภาคีเครือข่ายจนเกิดเป็นชุมชนเข้มแข็งและเกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงปัจจัยทางสังคมกำหนดสุขภาพ

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